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Anatomy chapter 1/5
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Anatomy | study of the structures of the body |
| Physiology | study of the functions of the body |
| 6 levels of organization | chemical, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism |
| 4 primary tissue types | epithelial, connective, muscle, nerve |
| Anatomical position | standing erect facing forward upper limbs hanging to the side palms of the hand facing forward |
| Anterior | in front of or toward the front surface |
| Posterior | in back of or toward the back surface |
| Ventral | belly side-similar to anterior |
| Dorsal | back side- similar to posterior |
| Superior | closer to the head or structure above another |
| Inferior | closer to the feet or structure below another |
| Cranial/Cephalic | at head end- similar to superior |
| Caudal | at tail end- similar to inferior |
| Medial | toward the midline |
| lateral | away from the midline |
| Deep | on the inside or internal to another structure |
| Superficial | on the outside or external to another structure |
| Proximal | closer to the point of attachment as compared to something else |
| Distal | farther from the point of attachment as compared to something else |
| Bilateral | both sides |
| Body cavities | dorsal, ventral |
| Dorsal body cavity | cranial cavity, spinal cavity |
| Ventral body cavity | thoracic (above diaphragm) abdominopelvic (below diaphragm) |
| Thoracic subdivisions | pleural cavity pericardial cavity mediastinum |
| Other body cavities | oral, nasal, orbital, middle ear, synovial |
| Visceral | covers the organ in the cavity |
| Serous fluid | fills the space between the two layers |
| Homeostasis | condition where the internal environment of the body is maintained within a normal range |
| Measurable indicators of homeostasis | temperature, volume, chemical |
| What is volume measures as | pressure- as the volume increases, pressure increases |
| Negative feedback | effector response is to reverse the change detected by the receptors |
| Positive feedback | effector response is to enhance the change detected by the receptors |
| Stem cells | immature and undifferentiated, high mitotic capacity |
| Embryonic | high degree of potency, ability to differentiate |
| Adult cells | less potency than embryonic |
| Protein fibers | collagen, reticular, elastic |
| Collagen fibers | strong, resistant to pulling |
| Reticular fibers | short and branched |
| Elastic fibers | allows a tissue to stretch and return to original length |
| Connective tissue functions | physical protection support and structure binding of structures storage transport immune protection |
| Physical protection | bone, adipose |
| Support and structure | bone, cartilage |
| Binding of structures | ligaments, tendons |
| Storage | adipose stores energy bone stores mineral |
| Transport | blood |
| Immune protection | some connective tissue contain leukocytes |
| General characteristics | few cells located within large amount of matrix vascular |
Created by:
mgalla33
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