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AB CHAPTER 2 VOCAB
WATER AND ORGANIC MOLECULES
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| hydrogen bond | weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another atom |
| cohesion | attraction between molecules of the same substance |
| adhesion | attraction between molecules of different substances |
| mixture | material composed of 2 or more elements/compounds that are physically mixed together but not combined chemically |
| solution | type of mixture in which all components are evenly distributed |
| solute | substance that is dissolved in a solution |
| solvent | dissolving substance in a solution |
| suspension | mixture of water and an undissolved material |
| pH scale | used to measure the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution |
| acid | a solution with a pH less that 7, caused by Hydrogen ions (H+) |
| base | a solution with a pH of more than 7, caused by Hydroxide ions (OH-) |
| buffer | compound that prevents sudden changes to the pH of a solution |
| monomer | small chemical unit....single...that can combine to form polymers |
| polymer | molecules composed of many monomers |
| carbohydrate | major source of energy....made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms |
| monosaccharide | simple (1) sugar molecule |
| lipid | includes fats, oils, waxes, made of mainly carbon and hydrogen atoms |
| nucleic acid | macromolecule that is composed of C,H,N,O,P....DNA or RNA |
| nucleotide | building blocks of DNA/RNA |
| protein | molecule needed by the body for growth/repair...made up of C,H,O, N. Made up of amino acids. |
| amino acid | building blocks of proteins |
| products | the elements of compound produced by a chemical reaction |
| reactants | the starting materials in a chemical reaction |
| activation energy | minimum amount needed to get a reaction started |
| enzyme | protein that speeds up a chemical reaciton |