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Biochemistry FHS
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Organic compounds contain | carbon |
| C6H12O6 is an example of | organic compound |
| Inorganic compounds do not usually contain | carbon |
| List the 4 major organic compounds | carbohydrates (sugars), lipids (fats and oils), proteins, nucleic acids |
| macromolecules are also known as | polymers |
| large molecules that are made up of small units called monomers | macromolecules |
| take water away from a compound in order to make the monomers link together | dehydration synthesis |
| water is added to break the large molecule down into monomers | hydrolysis |
| 3 types of sugars: | monosaccharides (one), disaccharides (two), polysaccharides (many) |
| chemical formula for monosaccharide | c6h12o6 |
| glucose and fructose are examples of | monosaccharides |
| 2 monosaccharides bonded together | disaccharides |
| many sugars bonded together that make very large complex sugars | polysaccharides |
| starch and cellulose are examples of | polysaccharides |
| does not give us energy but is good for us because of the fiber | cellulose |
| test for simple sugars: mono and disaccharides | put a chemical called benedict's solution on the sample and boil it. If it turns orange then it is a simple sugar |
| test for starch: | put a drop of iodine one the sample. If it turns purple then it is a starch |
| ___________ do not dissolve in water. They are nonpolar. | Lipids |
| ____________ substances will dissolve in water because water is a _________ molecule. | polar |
| an important group of lipids are the __________ ____________. | fatty acids |
| Fatty acids can be _________________ or ___________________. | saturated or unsaturated |
| 3 types of lipids | fats, oils, waxes |
| fats are ______ at room temperature | solid |
| oils are ________ at room temperature | liquid |
| a lipid important in plant protection and nature | waxes |
| What makes lipids important? | waxes protect leaves, phospholipids make up our cell membranes, lipids give us energy and can be stored for a future energy source |
| lipid structure - 3 characteristics | contains C, H, and O, have more Cs than Hs, have fatty acid tails. |
| How to test for a lipid - 2 ways | when a lipid is rubbed on a brown paper bag and left to dry it leaves a translucent spot, another way is with a red chemical called Sudan. The chemical is attracted to lipids and makes it pink to red |
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