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DJ vocab

Vocabulary chapter 12

TermDefinition
Transformation Process in which one strain of bacteria is changed by a gene or genes from another strain of bacteria.
Bacterophage Virus that infects bacteria.
Nucleotides Monomer of nucleic acid made up of a five carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogeneous base.
Base Pairing Principle that bonds in DNA can form only between adenine and thymine and between guanine and cytosine.
Chromatin The grainular material visible within the nucleus; consists of DNA tightly coiled around proteins.
Histone Globular protein molecule around which DNA is tightly coiled in chromatin.
Replication Copying process by which a cell duplicates it's DNA.
DNA Polymerase Enzyme that profreads new DNA strands helping to ensure that each molecule is a nearly perfect copy of the original DNA.
Gene Sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait.
Messenger RNA RNA molecule that carries copies of instructions for the assembly of amino acids into proteins from DNA to the rest of the cell.
Ribosomal RNA Type of RNA that makes up the major part of ribosomes.
Transfer RNA Type of RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis.
Transcription Process in which part of the nucleotide sequence of DNA is copied into a complimentary sequence of RNA.
RNA Polymerase Enzyme simular to DNA polymerase that binds to DNA and separates the DNA strands during transcription.
Promoter Region of DNA that indicates to an enzyme where to bind to make RNA.
Intron Intervening sequence of DNA; does not code for a protein.
Exon Expressed sequence of DNA: codes for protein.
Codon Three nucleotide sequence on messenger RNA that codes for a single amino acid.
Translation Decoding of a mRNA message into a polypeptide chain.
Anticodon Group of three basis on a tRNA molecule that are complimentary to an mRNA codon.
Mutation Change in a DNA sequence that affects genetic information.
Point mutation Mutation that affects a single nucleotide, usually by substituting one nucleotide for another.
Frameshift mutation Mutation that shifts the quotation reading frame of the genetic message by inserting or deleting a nucleotide.
Operon Group of genes operating together.
Created by: DJ Sosa
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