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Chem. control method
Test #3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What do phenol/phenol derivatives do? | Denature proteins and disrupt membrane |
| Phenol | first antiseptic/disinfectant; used as an aqueous solution; good against mycobacterium |
| Cresols | disinfectant; highly concentrated milky looking emulsion; ex. original lysol |
| Hexachlorophene | antiseptic; very powerful; bacteriostatic film at ppm doses; found to have caused brain damage in preterm infants |
| Triclosan | antiseptic product with antibacterial activity found in some soaps and embedded in household items; found in sponges, cutting boards, toys, toothpaste |
| Phenol coefficient testing | used as a standard to compare other disinfectants with; this has been replaced by other testing methods |
| What do biguanides do? | disrupt membrane |
| Chlorhexidine | a biguanide; replaced hexachlorophene because more effective and less toxic; kills G+ and G- bacteria, some fungi and viruses but not spores; microbiostatic film on skin surfaces; found in surgical scrubs and mouthwash |
| Which alcohol works best? | isopropanol (rubbing alcohol); best as antiseptic/disinfectant |
| Tincture | a solution in which the solvent is alcohol |
| What does a surfactant do? | disrupt membrane and possibly denature protein; it decreases surface tension of liquids making them wetter and improving cleaning and penetrating ability of the product |
| Examples of quaternary ammonium compounds | Zephiran (not really used anymore because not very effective); Cepacol |
| examples of halogens | iodine and chlorine |
| What form of iodine is best to use on the skin? | iodophors (organic derivatives)- much safer on the skin than 1% tincture |
| Bleach | a chlorine; strongest and cheapest disinfectant |
| Compressed chlorine gas | water treatment; may produce chlorinated hydrocarbons (carcinogenic) when polluted water is chlorinated; alternative is use chloramine- doesn't form carcinogens and is slower working |
| Oxidizing agents | oxidize cell components and denature proteins; various chemicals that release free oxygen; ex. hydrogen peroxide and ozone |
| What is silver nitrate used for? | clear aqueous solution (turns black in light); was used in the eyes of infants to prevent gonorrheal infection |
| Aldehydes | inactivate proteins and nucleic acids; ex. formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde |
| Formaldehyde | used as formalin; embalming fluid, vaccine production, gaseous sterilant |
| Glutaraldehyde | used as 2% aqueous solution; capable of "cold sterilization" in 10 hours; requires activator and is only good for 2-3 weeks; requires sterile water rinse to get rid of left behind residue (toxic chemical) |
| Why must items treated with ethylene oxide be well aerated prior to use? | needs to be aerated because it sticks to whatever is being treated and leaves behind a toxic residue; this residue can be irritatinga and carcinogenic |
| Which are effective products for controlling Mycobacterium? | phenol, ethanol,bleach |
| What are useful products for eliminating endospores? | bleach works fair against endospores |
Created by:
lisaanne11
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