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biologyfinalohboy

reproduction ch 12

QuestionAnswer
Binary Fission Division of a single parent cell equally into two daughter cells
Budding The unequal splitting of a parent cell or organism into two unequally size offspring
Fragmentation The regeneration of a lost body part that is performed by the parent one the fragment break away
Parthenogenesis The development of an unfertilized egg into a new individual
Sexual reproduction Two parents contribute genetics to produce offspring
Fertilization The fusion of a sperm cell with an egg cell
Zygote fertilized egg
Gametes Sex cells (sperm and egg)
Haploid Half the number of full chromosomes (n)
Diploid Full chromosomes number for a species (2n)
Meiosis A cell division process that occurs in the gonads of animal to produce gametes
Gonads Sex Organs
Homologous Chromosomes Chromosomes that are identical in size, shape and traits that they carry
Autosomes 22 pairs of homologous chromosomes that do not influence gender
G1 Period no cell growth occurs. Cell growth not needed to produce gametes
S Period DNA synthesis- Chromosomes are duplicated
G2 Period No Mass production
Prophase 1 (Tetrad forms)Chromosomes become thick and visible - Nucleolus disappears - Meiotic Spindle Forms - Nuclear envelope breaks down- Crossing over can occur
Metaphase 1 Lining up of tetrads along the middle of the cell - Spindle fibers move the tetrads to the equator of the cell
Chiasma The point of cross over
Anaphase 1 Separation and pulling apart of tetrads into dyads
Telophase 1 Formation of two haploid nuclei each with duplicated chromosomes - Meiotic spindle breaks down - Two haploid cells form
Interkinesis A brief period between Meiosis 1 and Meiosis 2
Prophase 2 Chromosomes thicken as dyads
Metaphase 2 Lining up of dyads along the middle of the cell
Anaphase 2 Separation and pulling part of dyads into individual chromatids - Centromere bonds break
Telophase 2 Formation of 4 haploid nuclei each with indivdual chromatids within 4 separate cells - Meiotic spindle breaks down
Spermatogenesis Production of sperm in the testes - testes yield 4 sperm per meiosis
Oogenesis Production of eggs (ova) in the ovaries - One ovary cell undergoing meiosis yields 1 egg and 3 polar bodies
Created by: phurbos
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