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ch 18 19 20
pathophys II
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Aveolar process | the part of the mandible or maxilla that forms the dental arch, which contains the socket for the teeth |
| arthroscopy | surgical procedure in which a special type of endoscope is used to view a joint internally for diagnostic purposes |
| calvarial | pertaining to the superior portion of the cranium where the fontanels of the infant are situated |
| condyle | rounded projection/process at the epiphysis of a bone that articulates with another bone, and serves as the point of attachment for ligaments |
| coronal flap | an incisional technique that begins with the development of skin flap; the incision extends from one termporal region to another and horizontally across the fontal bone |
| craniosynostosis | premature closure of the cranial sutures of an infant |
| dentitions | the development of teeth, including their arrangement, type, and number |
| glenoid fossa | the socket in which the head of the humerus articulates to form the shoulder joint; a ball-and-socket joint |
| gnath- | combining form meaning jaw |
| labia | lips |
| malar bone | cheek bone |
| malocclusion | abnormal alignment of the teeth of the upper jaw with those of the lower jaw |
| maxillo facial | pertaining to the face and maxilla |
| meniscus | a type of tissue made of cartilage that is fibrous; located in joints, spinal column, and bony pelvis, it serves to cushion and protect bone |
| mouth prop | a self retaining retracor used to keep the mouth open during oral or dental procedures |
| orbicular | refers to something round |
| osteotomy | incision into the bone |
| pan- | combining form meaning all |
| ramus | smaller branch of a structure that extends from a larger branch that divides into two parts, such as the rami of the pubis |
| reduction | correction or placement of a body structure back into normal anatomical position |
| sagittal | directional term that indicates a plane parallel to the midline that divides the body into right/left segments |
| symphysis | a joint in which the two bony surfaces are joined by fibrocartilage (meniscus) |
| TMJ (temporomandibular joint) | the joint formed by the mandible that articulates with the glenoid fossa in each temporal bone |
| elliptical | curved or cresent shaped |
| gynecomastia | abnormal and excessive development of the breast tissue in a male |
| carpal bones | a canal in the wrist trough which the flexor tendons and the median nerve pass |
| paly- | a prefix meaning many or much |
| cheiloschisis | cleft lip; failur of the maxillae to fuse together |
| replantation | replacement of an organ to where it was previously lost or removed |
| palatoschisis | the bones of the finger; each hand has fourteen |
| synthesis | the formation of a new entity out of previously existing entities |
| -schisis | word root meaning to split of cleft |
| integumentary | pertaining to or composed of skin |
| metaccarpophalangeal joint (MPJ) | synovial hinge-type joint made of a metacarpal that articulates with a phalange |
| sebum | oily substance produced by the subaceous glands |
| radial hypoplasia | typically associated with deformities of the thumb; also called radio dysplasia |
| tendon sheath | protective coverings for the tendons of the fingers and thumbs |
| ganglion cyst | benign lesion of synovial fluid arising for any tendon sheath or joint in the hand or wrist |
| rhinoplasty | surgical reshaping of the nose |
| cleft | cleave; crack, or fissure |
| augmentation | process of increasing; refers to size, quantity, degree, or severity |
| aesthetic | visually pleasing |
| xenograft | graft obtained from from dissimilar species |
| dermatome | surgical instrument used to cut thin slices of skin for grafting purposes |
| arthrodesis | surgical fixation of a joint to relieve pain and provide support |
| polydactyly | duplication of digits usually involving phalangeal bones; extra fingers |
| metacarpals | five bones in each hand, which are long and cylindrical in shape |
| cheilo- | combing form meaning lip |
| syndactyly | webbing of the fingers or toes |
| split-thickness skin graft | a graft that invoves the epidermis and approximately half the dermis |
| pedicle | extention of the vertebrae thats connects the spinous process to the lamina |
| valgus | bent or twisted away from the midline |
| diarthrosis | freely movable joint |
| epiphysis | the proximal portion of the long bone |
| cancellous bone | composed of comlumns of trabeculae with large spaces in between |
| amphiarthrosis | slightly movable joint |
| acromioclavicular (AC) joint | part of th epectoral girdle located at the top of the shoulder |
| proximal | nearer to the origin of a structure |
| abduction | motion toward the midline or turn inward |
| flexion | bending of a joint |
| malunion | occurs when a broken bone heals but not in correct position |
| compartmental syndrome | inward pressure from swelling; causing vascular impairment |
| splint | rigid device on one side of an extremity to immobilize and support it |
| shoulder joint | ball-and-joint socket joint with the head of the humerus on the glenoid fossa |
| comminuted fracture | a type of bone fracture consisting of three or more fragments |
| nonunion | occurs when fracured bone ends fail to write |
| osteogenesis | debelopement of bone tissue |
| cortical bone | hard and dense bone tissue surrounding the marrow cavity |
| cartilage | nonvascular fibrous connective tissue in the joints |
| ligment | a band of fibrous tissue composed of collagen that connects bone to bone |
| avascular necrosis | loss of blood flow causing tissue death |
| distraction | surgical process for reconstruction of skeletal deformities |
| compound fraction | bone fragment punctures the skin and exposes the bone |
| delayed union | union of the bone fragments that takes longer than expected |
| bone cutting instruments | osteotomes,curettes, kerrison ronguer, angled gouge, awl, sing. action ronguer, listen bone cutter, tap and drill |
| hyster cutting instruments | kevorkian curettes, sims curettesm forgensen scissors |
| neuro instruments | brain malleable, spatula, cushing forceps, bayenette forceps, cushing elvator penfield #3 & #4, nerve hook, dandy clamps, raney clip applier, geralds forceps, st. pituitary |
| ortho retractors | hohman, baby hohman, cobra, bennett retractor, laminar bone spreader, hibbs, meyerding |
| ends of long bones are called ________ with the shaft of long bones called __________ | epiphysis, diaphysis |
| soft spongy bone is called ________ bone with the hard compact bone is called _________ | cancellous, carcoid |
| the center of the bone is called the | bone marrow |
| the outer covering of the bone which supplies blood an nutrients is called | periosteum |
| an example of a sesamoid bone would be the | patella |
| the longest bone in the body is the ______ with the smalles bone being the _______ | femur, stapes |
| the three bones in the arm are | humerous, ulna, radius |
| the book name 5 minerals stores in the bone, name 4 | potassium, calcium, sodium, and phosphate |
| the skeleton performs 5 functions, list 4 | protect muscles, muscle structure, sevrves as a source of RBC's, serves as ponts of attachment for muscles |
| adipo- | fat |
| cauter- | iron |
| dermato- | skin |
| erythemat/o | red |
| kerato | cornea |
| lip/o | fat |
| py/o | pus |
| squam/o | scale |
| cutane- | skin |
| diaphor/o | sweat |
| hidr/o | sweat glands, sweat |
| melan/o | black |
| rhytid/o | wrinkles |
| bx | biopsy |
| albino/o | white |
| chlor/o | green |
| cirrh/o | yellow/orange |
| cyan/o | blue |
| eosin/o | red |
| erythro/o | red |
| jaund/o | yellow |
| leuk/o | white |
| melan/o | black |
| lute/o | yellow |
| kyph | bent foward (hump back) |
| lumb | lower back |
| ortho | straight (bone) |
| scoli | twisted |
| -blast | embryonic |
| malacia | abnormal softening of tissue |
| -tome | instrument to cut |
| articul | joint |
| -desis | to bind |
| fibro | fiber, thread like |
| -trophy | nourishment |
| ad- | toward |
| lord | curve (sway back) |
| myelo | spinal cord |
| osteo | bone |
| spondylo | vertabra |
| -clast | break |
| -porosis | condition of pores |
| cost | ribs |
| arthro | joint |
| chondro | cartilage |
| stenosis | tightening (abnormal narrowing) |
| my- | muscle |
| ab- | away |
| dorsi- | back |
| ACL | anterior crciate ligament |
| IM | intra medullary |
| ORIF | open reduction internal fixation |
| PT | physical therapy |
| OT | occupational therapy |
| ROM | range of motion |
| CRIF | closed reduction internal fixation |
| CR | closed reduction |
| name the 2 divisions of dermis and describe them | reticular layer: thick deep layer that provides collagen; papillary layer: finger prints |
| name and describe the sudoriferous glands | sweat glands *merocrine-secreats water and salts *apocrine-secretes water and salts, also proteins and fatty acids |
| malocclusion is and what surgical and non/surgical procedures can be done to correct this | misalignment of the alveolar process - orthodontics -osteotomies |
| name the common malignant neoplasms of the skin | basal, sarcoma, melanoma |
| the purpose/function of the dermatome is to | slice off a thin layer of skin for grafting |
| with the mesh fraft is to | puncture holes in the skin for stretching |
Created by:
E.Ochoa
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