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A.B.SPRINGFINAL
ADVANCED BIOLOGY SPRING 2016 FINAL EXAM REVIEW
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Human societies at present are participating in ___ practices... | Unsustainable |
Level of ecological study that involves both biotic and abiotic components... | Ecosystem |
Globally, if a population lives only along a lake's shoreline, members of this population exhibit ___ spatial distribution... | Clumped |
If the # of prereproductive and reproductive members of a population exceeds the number of postreproductive members, the population will... | Grow |
___ growth occurs when a population size is increasing... | Exponential |
Deer prefer to feed on a dense thicket of oak saplings rather than more widely spaced young oak trees, this is an example of... | Predation |
The Ozark snarl-lip bat prefers to eat the fruit of the walnut tree as does the flying squirrel, this is an example of... | Competition |
Resource availability is a ___ factor... | Density-dependent |
Weather is a ___ factor... | Density-independent |
Decreased death rate followed by decreased birthrate has occurred in ___ countries... | More developed |
The biological level of organization subject to evolution by natural selection... | Population |
Populations maximum growth rate is also known as its ___... | Biotic potential |
Components of the environment that support its organisms... | Resources |
Technically has the lowest population density... | Greenland |
An ecosystem consists of a ___ of living things as well as the physical environment... | Community |
Ecology began as part of ___... | Natural history |
___ will contribute most to the world population growth... | Less developed countries |
___ is the number of individuals per unit area or volume... | Population density |
Some estimates predict that the human population will exceed 9 billion people w/in ___ years... | 50 |
The total number of individuals that the resources of an area can support... | Carrying capacity |
The more developed countries tend to be in ___ and North America... | Europe |
The study of ___ encompasses the organism, population, community, ecosystem and biosphere... | Ecology |
A central goal of ecology is to develop ___ and explain and predict distribution and abundance of populations... | Models |
Applies ecological principles to practical human concerns... | Environmental science |
Studies all aspects of biodiversity with the goal of conserving natural resources... | Conservation biology |
High standard of living, contributes least to population growth... | More developed countries |
Decreased death rate followed by decreased birthrate... | Demographic transition |
The number of individuals born roughly matches the number of individuals dying... | Replacement reproduction |
A five year old child represents the... | Prereproductive age |
An elderly woman represents the.. | Postreproductive age |
A thirty year old woman/man represents the... | Reproductive age |
Clumped, random or uniform... | Population Distribution |
S-shaped growth curve... | Logistic growth |
Portion of the globe where a species can be found... | Range |
J-shaped growth curve... | Exponential growth |
Exhibit exponential growth; small in size; mature early and have a short life span; limited parental care... | Opportunistic species |
Exhibit logistic growth; large in size; slow to mature and have a long life span; good parental care... | Equilibrium species |
Consists of all the various populations at a particular locale... | Community |
A group of individuals of the same species in a given location at the same time... | Population |
Occurred in the 1800's and brought on a population increase due to increased production of food and jobs... | Industrial revolution |
The length of time it's assumed to take for the human population to double... | Thirty-five years |
Measured in terms of population size and resource consumption per capita... | Environmental impact |
Characteristics of a population.... | Demographics |
___ represent the varying ages of the individuals in a population... | Age structure diagram |
How age at death influences population size... | Survivorship |
Country with the highest population density... | Monaco |
Plotting the number of survivors per 1,000 births against age produces a(n)... | Survivorship curve |
Can occur when members of the same species attempt to use resources that are limited in supply but necessary to survival... | Competition |
Occurs when one organism eats another... | Predation |
Total disappearance of a species or higher group... | Extinction |
Have modified reptilian scales... | Birds |
Hypothesized to be ancestral to animals (very beginning...) | Choanoflagellates |
Extraembryonic membranes of the amniote egg have been modified for internal development within the uterus... | Placental mammals |
Insects have wings and three pairs of legs attached to the... | Thorax |
Sharks are examples of... | Cartilaginous fishes |
Mammals are ___, capable of balancing their internal temperatures... | Endothermic |
Bipedal but had a small brain... | Australopithecus afarensis |
Cnidarians are considered to be organized at the ___ level... | Tissue |
Being arranged around a central point... | Radial symmetry |
Having mirror-image, right and left halves... | Bilateral symmetry |
The type of mollusc that has tentacles... | Cephalopod |
Insects typically have ___ pairs of legs... | 3 |
Arachnids typically have ___ pairs of legs... | 4 |
In chordates, located just below the nerve cord toward the back... | Notochord |
Have a chitin exoskeleton... | Arthropods |
Move by pumping water... | Echinoderms |
Animals are members of the domain... | Eukarya |
Must acquire nutrients from external sources... | Heterotrophic |
Most animals begin life as a(n) ___ | Fertilized egg |
Some animals undergo a change in body form, from larval stage to adult... | Metamorphosis |
Give rise to all other tissue layers and organs in the body... | Germ layers |
The inner-most germ layer... | Endoderm |
The outer-most germ layer... | Ectoderm |
Localization of the brain and specialized sensory organs at the anterior end of the organism... | Cephalization |
Repitition of body plan along the length of the body... | Segmentation |
In, ___ the blastopore becomes the mouth... | Protostomes |
In, ___ the blastopore becomes the anal opening... | Deuterostomes |
Asexual reproduction by fragmentation... | Budding |
Bilaterally symmetrical acoelomates... | Flatworms |
Coelomate organisms with a complete digestive tract; includes octopus... | Molluscs |
Jointed appendages, exoskeleton, segmentation, well-developed nervous system, etc... | Arthropods |
Nonsegmented with a fluid-filled pseudocoelom... | Roundworms |
Possess both male and female sex organs... | Hermophrodites |
Radially symmetrical and capture prey with ring of tentacles that bear stinging cells... | Cnidarians |
Sac-like bodies perforated by many pores... | Sponges |
Segmented worms... | Annelids |
Shedding of the exoskeleton with growth... | Molting |
Study of insects... | Entomology |
Widely recognized as biodiversity hotspots... | Coral reefs |
Mammals become wide-spread because they could ___ to most environments on earth.. | Adapt |
Modern humans evolved in one location and then spread to other areas through migration... | Out-Of-Africa Hypothesis |
Modern humans began to spread outward and, through convergent evolution, adapted in similar ways to similar conditions... | Multiregional Hypothesis |
Unlike bony fishes, amphibians have ... | Ears |
The Spiny anteater and the Duckbill platypus are examples of ... | Monotremes |
The Koala and the Tasmanian wolf are examples of.. | Marsupials |
The first human-like feature to evolve in hominins was... | Bipedalism |
Encompasses human behavior and products, is dependent on the capacity to speak and transmit knowledge... | Culture |
First characteristic to develop that lead to the animal line... | Multicellularity |
Turtles, crocodiles, lizards... | Reptiles |
Body temperature matches the temperature of the external environment... | Ectothermic |
Most numerous and diverse of all the vertebrates... | Bony fishes |
Living both on land and in the water... | Amphibians |
Lack features associated with vertebrates, yet all the invertebrates they are most closely related to chordates... | Echinoderms |
Hard, crusty exoskeletons... | Crustaceans |
Spiders, scorpions, ticks... | Arachnids |
Secrete a nonliving exoskeleton that must be shed in order for the organism to grow... | Ecdysozoans |
"Stomach-footed"... | Gastropods |
"Head-footed"... | Cephalopods |
Clams, oysters, scallops... | Bivalves |
Tubule, found in annelids, that collects waste material and excretes it through an opening in the body wall... | Nephridium |
Space between the two folds of the mollusc mantle... | Mantle cavity |
Rasping, tongue-like organ of molluscs used to obtain food... | Radula |
Soft-bodied portion of the mollusc that contains internal organs... | Visceral mass |
Organism, like the sponge. that 'strains' food from the water by means of a device, usually pores of some type.... | Filter-feeder |
Body cavity... | Coelom |
Grow by adding additional mass to their existing body... | Lophotrochozoans |
States animals are descended from an ancestor that resembled a hollow, spherical colony of flagellated cells... hypothesis | Colonial Flagellate |
Include monkeys, apes, and humans... | Anthropoids |
Includes only the apes, chimps and humans as well as the closest extinct relatives... | Hominid |
Famous female skeleton dated at 3.18 MYA, small brain, and according to proportions of limbs the she stood upright and walked on two legs... | Lucy |
Massive brow ridges, nose/jaw/teeth protruded far forward, forehead was low ad sloping, and lacked a chip... | Neandertals |
Oldest fossils to be designated H. sapiens... | Cro-Magnons |
Animal virus which contains RNA and goes through a DNA synthesis stage... | Retrovirus |
Assembly of viral components within a host cell... | Maturation |
Immediate viral reproduction cycle... | Lytic cycle |
Incorporation of viral DNA into host DNA... | Integration |
Infectious proteinaceous particle... | Prion |
Latent viral reproduction cycle... | Lysogenic cycle |
Naked strand of RNA; infectious... | Viroid |
Noncellular, nonliving particles about 1/5 size of a bacterium... | Virus |
Viral components are synthesized... | Biosynthesis |
Viral DNA in its latent stage... | Prophage |
Virus that infects and reproduces in a bacterium... | Bacteriophage |
Outer unit of a virus composed of protein subunits... | Capsid |
There are two types of ___; bacteria and archaea... | Prokaryotes |
Show, in 1850, disproved the theory of spontaneous generation by show that sterilized broth cannot become cloudy with bacterial growth unless exposed to air where bacteria was abundant... | Louis Pasteur |
Cell-like structures complete with an outer membrane and may have resulted from the self-assembly of macromolecules and eventually gave rise to cellular life... | Protocells |
Area of a bacterial cell that it's chromosome is found... | Nucleoid |
Small, circular chromosome found in a bacterial cell... | Plasmid |
Bacterial cell walls are strengthened by a complex of polysaccharides linked by amino acids called... | Peptidoglycan |
Occurs when a bacterium picks up free pieces of DNA from their surroundings that have been secreted by live prokaryotes or released by dead ones... | Transformation |
Some bacteria are ___, forming a harmful relationship with one or more partners in which the bacterium benefits but the other organism suffers... | Parasitic |
Biological cleanup of an environment that contais harmful chemicals called pollutants... | Bioremediation |
Biological macromolecules produced by living cells... | Biotic synthesis |
Capable of surviving in very extreme environments... | Archaea |
How the first macromolecules on earth must have formed... | Abiotic synthesis |
Likely the first cells on earth... | Prokaryotes |
Most diverse and prevalent organisms on earth... | Bacteria |
Rod shaped bacteria... | Bacillus |
Spherical bacteria... | Coccus |
Spiral shaped bacteria... | Spirilla |
DNA passed between cells across a pilus... | Conjugation |
Bacterial DNA is carried from one cell to another by a bacteriophage... | Transduction |
Cells with a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles... | Eukaryotes |
Extremophiles that thrive in anaerobic environments... | Methanogens |
Extremophiles that thrive in high salinity environments... | Halophiles |
Extremophiles that thrive in hot and acidic environments... | Thermoacidophiles |
Cause disease by causing normal proteins to change shape and malfunction... | Prions |
Enzyme unique to retroviruses... | Reverse transcriptase |
Primary producers near deep-sea vents... | Chemoautotrophs |
Unicellular, golden-brown algae with a silica shell... | Diatoms |
Slime molds and water molds are ___, breaking down already dead material and releasing those nutrients into the environment... | Decomposers |
Represent the oldest lineage of oxygenic organisms... | Cyanobacteria |
Study of viruses... | Virology |
A virus requires this in order to reproduce... | Host cell |
Virus that reproduces within a bacterium... | Bacteriophage |
Plant viruses often enter through damaged tissue and then move about the plant using the ___... | Plasmodesmata |
Causes cold sores and chickenpox in humans and is a good example of a latent virus... | Herpes virus |
Causative agent of a disease that only recently has infected large numbers of people... | Emerging virus |
More stable form of nucleic acid... | Deoxyribonucleic acid |
Gel-like coating outside a cell wall that is common in bacterial cells living in diverse environments... | Capsule |
May be present between two bacterial cells allowing the transfer of DNA from one to the other... | Conjugation pilus |
Bacteria that send enzymes into the environment and decompose almost any large organic molecule to smaller ones that are absorbable... | Saprotrophs |
Cell targeted by a virus... | Host cell |
Chemosynthesizers... | Chemoautotrophs |
Heavy, protective coating surrounding a portion of dehydrated bacterial cytoplasm and a copy of the chromosome... | Endospore |
Microbes that can cause disease... | Pathogens |
Supported by the double membranes around mitochondria and chloroplasts... | Endosymbiont theory |
Uicellular diatoms, algae, dinoflagellates, ciliates, etc | Protists |
Chemical compound that composes the cell membrane of archaea... | Polysaccharides |
Emerging viruses may have acquired new virulence factors or ___ factors may have encouraged their spread to an increased number of hosts in a relatively short period of time... | Environmental |
Aim to prevent viral infections... | Vaccines |
Used to treat bacterial infections... | Antibiotics |
Side-effect of using antibiotics too frequently... | Antibiotic resistance |
Darwin referred to the process of promoting certain traits by breeding members with those traits as... | Artificial selection |
A morphological adaptation in which one species resembles another is called... | Mimicry |
Population decline causes an extreme genetic drift called a(n)... | Bottleneck |
Recently evolved traits that do not appear in ancestral fossils are called... | Derived traits |
What are two main components of natural selection? | Variation and inheritance |
What has occurred when fertilization produces a hybrid offspring that cannot develop or reproduce? | Postzygotic isolation |
What occurs when average traits benefit a population rather than extreme traits? | Stabilizing selection |
Charles Darwin served as naturalist on the ... | HMS Beagle |
While in the ... Darwin noticed slight differences in the animals from one island to the next | Galapagos Islands |
Show that the species present on Earth have changed over time | Fossils |
Thought to be the ancestor of birds | Dinosaur |
Are newly evolved features such as feathers | Derived traits |
Though to be the ancestor of armadillos | Glyptodont |
Modified structure seen among different groups of descendants | Homologous structures |
Eyes in a blind fish are examples of... | Vestigial structures |
DNA and RNA comparisons | Comparative biochemistry |
Bird wings and butterfly wings | Analogous structures |
Body structure that is no longer used for its original function | Vestigial structures |
Study of the distribution of plants and animals on earth | Biogeography |
Traits that enable individuals to survive or reproduce better than individuals without... | Adaptations |
Change in allelic frequencies in a population that is due to change | Genetic drift |
Removes individuals with average trait values, creating two populations with extreme ones | Disruptive selection |
Most common form of selection | Stabilizing selection |
When a small sample of the main population settles in a location separated from main population | Founder effect |
Species evolves into a new species without any barriers that separate the populations | Sympatric speciation |
Shift populations toward a beneficial but extreme trait value | Directional selection |
Population is divided by a barrier, each population evolves separately and eventually two populations cannot successfully interbreed | Allopatric speciation |
Change in size or frequency of a trait based on competition for mates | Sexual selection |
One species will sometimes diversity in a relatively short time into a number of different species | Adaptive radiation |
Idea that evolution occurred in small steps over millions of years | Gradualism |
Leafy sea dragon looks more like a plant than an animal, this is an example of... | Camouflage |
Change of species over time | Evolution |
Industrial melanism is a special case of... | A structural adaptation |
Process of directed breeding | Artificial selection |
Organisms most adapted to their environment survive, those which are not best adapted will die | Natural selection |
Early, pre-birth stage of an organisms development | Embryo |
Occurs when two or more species evolve adaptations to resemble one another | Mimicry |
Studying the structure of organisms during early stages of development | Comparative embryology |
States that when allelic frequencies remain constant, a population is in genetic equilibrium | Hardy-Weinberg Principle |
Primitive features, such as teeth and tails, which appear in ancestral forms | Ancestral traits |
Process that splits a population into two groups | Disruptive selection |
Tough, polysaccharide found in the cell walls of fungi... | Chitin |
Reproductive structure of fungi... | Fruiting body |
Specialized hyphae found in parasitic fungi... | Haustoria |
Filaments composing the body o the fungus... | Hyphae |
Netlike mass of branching hyphae... | Mycelium |
Cross-walls between hyphae... | Septa |
Sac or case in which spores are produced... | Sporangia |
Reproductive haploid cell within a hard outer coat... | Spore |
Fungi do not contain pigments/chloroplasts so they are not autotrophic but rather... | Heterotrophic |
Can be used for both asexual or sexual reproduction in fungi... | Spores |
Process by which the offspring grows off the parent (parent cell) until it is large enough to function on its own... | Budding |
If the mycelium of a fungus is severed and the pieces are placed in an area in which conditions are favorable, each individual piece may grow and develop into a mature organism... | Fragmentation |
An organism that feeds on and breaks down dead organisms, recycling nutrients back into food webs... | Decomposer |
Some of the ___ and oldest organisms on earth belong to kingdom fungi... | Largest |
The cells walls, ___ and septa distinguish fungus from plants... | Hyphae |
Unicellular fungus found throughout the world and important in the commercial production of certain foods and beverages... | Yeasts |
An organism that feeds off a host cell/organism... | Parasite |
Organisms that live/function together and both benefit from the relationship... | Mutualism |
Hyphae that spread across the surface of food... | Stolons |
Hyphae that penetrate food and absorb nutrients... | Rhizoids |
Reproductive structure of molds that contain haploid nucleus... | Gametangium |
In sac fungi, hyphae that produce spores on their tips for asexual reproduction... | Conidophores |
In sac fungi, a reproductive structure where a zygote forms during asexual reproduction... | Ascocarp |
In sac fungi, a saclike structure where spores develop during sexual reproduction... | Ascus |
Spores produced by the ascus in sac fungi... | Ascospores |
Fruiting body of a club fungi... | Basidiocarp |
Club-shaped hyphae that produce spores in club fungi... | Basidia |
Spores produced in basidia during sexual reproduction of club fungi... | Basidiospores |
Recent ___ suggests chytrids are related more closely to fungi than to protists... | Molecular evidence |
A(n) ___ studies various aspects about fungus... | Mycologist |
___ are known as the imperfect fungi.. | Deuteromycota |
Type of fungi which transform organic substances from waste matter and dead organisms into raw materials... | Saprophytes |
Type of fungi which absorb nutrients from living hosts by means of haustoria... | Parasites |
Type of fungi which live in a symbiotic relationship with other living organisms... | Mutualistic |
Protect spores and keep them from drying out until they are released... | Sporangia |
Includes bread molds and other molds... | Zygomycota |
Appears to lack a sexual stage in life cycle... | Deuteromycota |
Produces flagellated spores... | Chytridiomycota |
Most common fungi phylum, includes yeasts... | Ascomycota |
Includes mushrooms... | Basidiomycota |
In sexual reproduction, parts of two haploid ___ fuse to form a diploid structure... | Mating strains |
Most members of the phylum Ascomycota are ___ | Multicellular |
Rapid growth of basidiocarps is due to... | Cell enlargement |
Saprophytic basidiocarps produce enzymes that ... | Decompose wood |
Produces airy bread and alcohol in beer and wine... | Fermentation |
Use of fungi and bacteria to remove pollution... | Bioremediation |
Living organism that is sensitive to environmental pollutants... | Bioindicator |
Producing a large number of spores increases a species' changes of... | Survival |
Some fungi are the source of ___ drugs used for organ transplants... | Immune suppressant |
Help plants gather inorganic nutrients... | Mycorrhizal fungi |
A fruit is derived from... | Ovary |
Plant __ can be used in either sexual or asexual reproduction... | Spores |
Plant tissue that transports water and minerals... | Xylem |
Ferns, gymnosperms and angiosperms all have... | Megaphylls |
DNA and RNA comparisons shows that fungus are most closely related to... | Animals |
Have true roots, stems and leaves... | Vascular plants |
Represented by the mosses... | Bryophytes |
Tissue specialized to conduct organic nutrients from the leaves to the rest of the plant... | Phloem |
Probably evolved from a multicellular, freshwater green algae about 500 mya.. | Terrestrial plants |
Conifers bear ___ which contain reproductive structures of the plant... | Cones |
Flowering plants... | Angiosperms |
Sepals of the flower are arranged into a collective structure called the... | Calyx |
The sporophyte generation of nonvascular plants produces spores in a structure called a(n)... | Sporangium |
Specialized reproductive structure found in angiosperms... | Flower |
A seed is a mature... | Embryo |
Drought-resistant male gametophyte... | Pollen grains |
Female reproductive structures within a flower... | Carpel |
Fossilized plants used as a fuel that helps run our industrialized society... | Coal |
Male reproductive structures within a flower... | Stamen |
Organic compound that makes xylem cell walls stronger... | Lignin |
A population is dramatically decreased and then rebounds, but is now homozygous for nearly every gene studies... | Bottleneck effect |
Alters allele frequency only... | Natural selection |
Is reproductively isolated from other species... | Biological species |
Many new species evolving in various environments from a common ancestor... | Convergent evolution |
Transitional links are least likely to be found if evolution proceeds according to the ___ model... | Punctuated equilibrium |
Typically, mutations are immediately expressed and tested by the environment... | Prokaryotes |
Allopatric, but not sympatric, speciation requires... | Geographic isolation |
Alone, cannot bring about change in genotype and allele frequency... | Sexual reproduction |
Process that results in adaptation of a population to the biotic and abiotic environments... | Natural selection |
When two or more extreme phenotypes are favored over any intermediate phenotype... | Disruptive selection |
Occurs when an extreme phenotype is favored and the distribution curve shifts in that direction... | Directional selection |
All members of a single species occupying a particular are at the same time and reproducing with one another... | Population |
Increase in the frequency of dark peppered moths compared to light peppered moths, due to pollution of the British forests they inhabited... | Industrial melanism |
Occurs when an intermediate phenotype is favored... | Stabilizing selection |
According to the ___ model, new species evolve slowly from an ancestral species... | Gradual |
Changes in the allele frequencies of a gene pool due to chance... | Genetic drift |
Favors characteristics that increase the likelihood of obtaining mates... | Sexual selection |
All members of a single species occupying the same place at the same time... | Population |
Different populations within the same species... | Subspecies |
Individuals ted to mate with those that have the same phenotype with respect to a certain trait... | Assortative mating |
Movement of alleles among populations by migration of breeding individuals... | Gene flow |
Movement of continents that has contributed to several extinctions... | Continental drift |
Permanent genetic changes... | Mutations |
Rare alleles, or combination of alleles, occur at a higher frequency in a population isolated from the general population... | Founder effect |
Various alleles at the same gene loci in all individuals... | Gene pool |
Prevents a majority of genotypes from participating in the production of the next generation... | Bottleneck effect |
As nations and populations grow, ___demands increase. | Energy |
Associated with heat, light, electricity, motion, sound, nuclei, and nature of a chemical and can be transferred in many ways. | Energy |
Ability to do work... | Energy |
Energy used for lighting, cooking and cooling/heating... | Residential use |
Energy used for electricity, heating and cooling in places like stores and schools... | Public use |
Energy powers machines... | Industrial use |
Energy powers cars, airplanse, trains, ships, etc | Transportation use |
Gasoline and natural gas... | Petroleum products |
Energy from resources that are continually produced... | Renewable |
Energy from resources that are used up faster than they can be produced naturally... | Nonrenewable |
Organic substances found underground in deposits formed from remains of organisms that lived millions of years ago | Fossil fuels |
Energy from the sun... | Solar energy |
Energy drawn from heat within the earth... | Geothermal energy |
Commonly used unit of energy... | BTU |
Energy that exists within the nucleus of an atom... | Nuclear energy |
Muscular tissue that is both striated and involuntary... | Cardiac muscle |
In a ____ control system, there is a fluctuation about a mean... | Negative feedback |
Type of epithelial cells found in the epidermis... | Squamous |
The layer below the epidermis... | Dermis |
When a human being is cold, blood vessels ___ and sweat glands are inactive... | Constrict |
Balance of internal systems relative to the external environment... | Homeostasis |
Cells working together towards a common function... | Tissues |
Type of muscle that helps to maintain posture... | Skeletal muscle |
Only fluid tissue in the body... | Blood |
Forms external coverings and internal linings of many organs and covers the entire surface of the body... | Epithelium |
Refers to a cavity... | Lumen |
Involved in binding organs together and providing support and protection... | Connective tissue |
Noncellular material that varies from solid to semifluid to fluid and usually contains fibers... | Matrix |
Not under conscious control... | Involuntary |
Coordinates functions of the body and allows an animal to respond to external and internal environments... | Nervous system |
Surrounds cells within a tissue... | Interstitial fluid |
The ___ of cells, tissues and organs they compose directly impacts their function. | Structure |
Component of blood that helps fight infection... | White blood cells |
Contains actin and myosin filaments... | Muscle tissue |
Transports nutrients and oxygen to tissue fluid for the cells and removes waste molecules... | Circulatory system/blood |
Skin and it's accessory structures.... | Integumentary system |
Secretes hormones... | Endocrine system |
Rids blood of wastes and helps regulate fluid/chemical level/content... | Urinary system |
Intake and breakdown of nutrients.. | Digestive system |
Brings oxygen into the body and removes CO2... | Respiratory system |
Absorbs fat from digestive system and collects excess tissue fluid which is returned to blood in the CV system... | Lymphatic system |
Contains different tissues that each perform a function to aid in the overall action... | Organ |
In exchange for a warm environment and plenty of food, our intestinal E. coli produce __ and assist in the breakdown of fiber into glucose. | Vitamin K |
An orchid looks and smells like the female of a certain wasp species, so when a male tires to copulate with flower after flower, in the process he transfers pollen. This is an example of... | Coevolution |
Starts where the soil has not yet formed following an environmental disruption... | Primary succession |
The abundance of both species is expected to increase as a result of which type of species interaction? | Mutualism |
In a grazing food web, carnivores that eat herbivores are considered... | Secondary consumers |
Elements necessary for all living things... | Essential elements |
The first trophic level in a food web is occupied by the... | Producers |
A listing of the various species found in a community... | Species richness |
Evolves in response to competition among species for a single niche... | Character displacement |
Species which stabilizes the community and helps to maintain it's characteristics, essentially holding together the web of interactions... | Keystone species |
Consists of communities of species interacting with each other and with the physical environment... | Ecosystem |
Assemblage of populations of multiple species, interacting with one another within a single environment... | Community |
Hummingbird-pollinated flowers are usually ___ , a color these birds can see. | Red |
Come chemoautotrophs, near hydrothermal vents, split ___ to obtain the energy needed to link carbon atoms together to form glucose. | Hydrogen sulfide |
Evolutionary change in one species results in an evolutionary change in another... | Coevolution |
Carbon, phosphorous and nitrogen cycle are all... | Biogeochemical cycles |
First species to appear in an area undergoing either type of ecological succession... | Pioneer species |
Depicts the loss of nutrients and energy from one trophic level to the next... | Ecological pyramid |
Evidence that competition and resource partitioning have taken place... | Character displacement |
Often introduced into a community and greatly disrupt normal interactions... | Exotic species |
Particular are of the community a species lives... | Habitat |
Diagrams that show a single path of energy flow in an ecosystem... | Food chain |
Increase in global temperature due to greenhouse gases accumulating in the atmosphere keeping radiation within... | Global warming |
Typically occurs because humans allow overgrazing of livestock... | Desertification |
Most of the freshwater in the world is used for... | Irrigation |
The first ___ resulted from the development of high-responding wheat and rice varieties... | Green revolution |
The preferred fossil fuel in the US is __ because it produces less pollution than the other(s). | Oil |
Most freshwater is held in... | Glaciers |
Trees with the ability to provide numerous products and perform a variety of functions in addition to serving as windbreaks... | Multipurpose trees |
___ of excess water from the over-irrigation of farmland causes salinization, accumulation of mineral salts, subsidence, loss of topsoil, etc. | Evaporation |
Wild species, such as ladybugs, play a role in ___ of agricultural pests... | Biological control |
Both direct and indirect value to humans... | Biodiversity |
Protecting biodiversity and natural resources for the good of all living things is the focus of... | Conservation biology |
Allow solar radiation to pass through the atmosphere but hinder the escape of infrared heat back into space... | Greenhouse gases |
Any alteration of the environment in an undesirable way... | Pollution |
Process of the soil settling as it dries out... | Subsidence |
At least ___ % of the world population lives within 100km of a coastline... | Forty |
Drawbacks to building ___ include; reservoirs lose water due to evaporation and seepage, salt left behind from evaporation and runoff can make water unusable farther downstream, etc. | Dams |
The human impact on the environment is ___ to the size of the population... | Proportional |
Crops such as wheat, corn and rice are derived from wild plants that have been modified to be high producers (example of ___) | Agricultural value |
Delivers water directly to a plant's root systems... | Drip irrigation |
Fresh water circulation, removal of CO2 from the air, uptake of excess soil nitrogen, etc. (example of ____) | Biogeochemical cycles |
Variety of life on earth | Biodiversity |
Most prescription drugs in the US were originally derived from organisms... (example of ___) | Medicinal value |