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A.B.SPRINGFINAL
ADVANCED BIOLOGY SPRING 2016 FINAL EXAM REVIEW
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Human societies at present are participating in ___ practices... | Unsustainable |
| Level of ecological study that involves both biotic and abiotic components... | Ecosystem |
| Globally, if a population lives only along a lake's shoreline, members of this population exhibit ___ spatial distribution... | Clumped |
| If the # of prereproductive and reproductive members of a population exceeds the number of postreproductive members, the population will... | Grow |
| ___ growth occurs when a population size is increasing... | Exponential |
| Deer prefer to feed on a dense thicket of oak saplings rather than more widely spaced young oak trees, this is an example of... | Predation |
| The Ozark snarl-lip bat prefers to eat the fruit of the walnut tree as does the flying squirrel, this is an example of... | Competition |
| Resource availability is a ___ factor... | Density-dependent |
| Weather is a ___ factor... | Density-independent |
| Decreased death rate followed by decreased birthrate has occurred in ___ countries... | More developed |
| The biological level of organization subject to evolution by natural selection... | Population |
| Populations maximum growth rate is also known as its ___... | Biotic potential |
| Components of the environment that support its organisms... | Resources |
| Technically has the lowest population density... | Greenland |
| An ecosystem consists of a ___ of living things as well as the physical environment... | Community |
| Ecology began as part of ___... | Natural history |
| ___ will contribute most to the world population growth... | Less developed countries |
| ___ is the number of individuals per unit area or volume... | Population density |
| Some estimates predict that the human population will exceed 9 billion people w/in ___ years... | 50 |
| The total number of individuals that the resources of an area can support... | Carrying capacity |
| The more developed countries tend to be in ___ and North America... | Europe |
| The study of ___ encompasses the organism, population, community, ecosystem and biosphere... | Ecology |
| A central goal of ecology is to develop ___ and explain and predict distribution and abundance of populations... | Models |
| Applies ecological principles to practical human concerns... | Environmental science |
| Studies all aspects of biodiversity with the goal of conserving natural resources... | Conservation biology |
| High standard of living, contributes least to population growth... | More developed countries |
| Decreased death rate followed by decreased birthrate... | Demographic transition |
| The number of individuals born roughly matches the number of individuals dying... | Replacement reproduction |
| A five year old child represents the... | Prereproductive age |
| An elderly woman represents the.. | Postreproductive age |
| A thirty year old woman/man represents the... | Reproductive age |
| Clumped, random or uniform... | Population Distribution |
| S-shaped growth curve... | Logistic growth |
| Portion of the globe where a species can be found... | Range |
| J-shaped growth curve... | Exponential growth |
| Exhibit exponential growth; small in size; mature early and have a short life span; limited parental care... | Opportunistic species |
| Exhibit logistic growth; large in size; slow to mature and have a long life span; good parental care... | Equilibrium species |
| Consists of all the various populations at a particular locale... | Community |
| A group of individuals of the same species in a given location at the same time... | Population |
| Occurred in the 1800's and brought on a population increase due to increased production of food and jobs... | Industrial revolution |
| The length of time it's assumed to take for the human population to double... | Thirty-five years |
| Measured in terms of population size and resource consumption per capita... | Environmental impact |
| Characteristics of a population.... | Demographics |
| ___ represent the varying ages of the individuals in a population... | Age structure diagram |
| How age at death influences population size... | Survivorship |
| Country with the highest population density... | Monaco |
| Plotting the number of survivors per 1,000 births against age produces a(n)... | Survivorship curve |
| Can occur when members of the same species attempt to use resources that are limited in supply but necessary to survival... | Competition |
| Occurs when one organism eats another... | Predation |
| Total disappearance of a species or higher group... | Extinction |
| Have modified reptilian scales... | Birds |
| Hypothesized to be ancestral to animals (very beginning...) | Choanoflagellates |
| Extraembryonic membranes of the amniote egg have been modified for internal development within the uterus... | Placental mammals |
| Insects have wings and three pairs of legs attached to the... | Thorax |
| Sharks are examples of... | Cartilaginous fishes |
| Mammals are ___, capable of balancing their internal temperatures... | Endothermic |
| Bipedal but had a small brain... | Australopithecus afarensis |
| Cnidarians are considered to be organized at the ___ level... | Tissue |
| Being arranged around a central point... | Radial symmetry |
| Having mirror-image, right and left halves... | Bilateral symmetry |
| The type of mollusc that has tentacles... | Cephalopod |
| Insects typically have ___ pairs of legs... | 3 |
| Arachnids typically have ___ pairs of legs... | 4 |
| In chordates, located just below the nerve cord toward the back... | Notochord |
| Have a chitin exoskeleton... | Arthropods |
| Move by pumping water... | Echinoderms |
| Animals are members of the domain... | Eukarya |
| Must acquire nutrients from external sources... | Heterotrophic |
| Most animals begin life as a(n) ___ | Fertilized egg |
| Some animals undergo a change in body form, from larval stage to adult... | Metamorphosis |
| Give rise to all other tissue layers and organs in the body... | Germ layers |
| The inner-most germ layer... | Endoderm |
| The outer-most germ layer... | Ectoderm |
| Localization of the brain and specialized sensory organs at the anterior end of the organism... | Cephalization |
| Repitition of body plan along the length of the body... | Segmentation |
| In, ___ the blastopore becomes the mouth... | Protostomes |
| In, ___ the blastopore becomes the anal opening... | Deuterostomes |
| Asexual reproduction by fragmentation... | Budding |
| Bilaterally symmetrical acoelomates... | Flatworms |
| Coelomate organisms with a complete digestive tract; includes octopus... | Molluscs |
| Jointed appendages, exoskeleton, segmentation, well-developed nervous system, etc... | Arthropods |
| Nonsegmented with a fluid-filled pseudocoelom... | Roundworms |
| Possess both male and female sex organs... | Hermophrodites |
| Radially symmetrical and capture prey with ring of tentacles that bear stinging cells... | Cnidarians |
| Sac-like bodies perforated by many pores... | Sponges |
| Segmented worms... | Annelids |
| Shedding of the exoskeleton with growth... | Molting |
| Study of insects... | Entomology |
| Widely recognized as biodiversity hotspots... | Coral reefs |
| Mammals become wide-spread because they could ___ to most environments on earth.. | Adapt |
| Modern humans evolved in one location and then spread to other areas through migration... | Out-Of-Africa Hypothesis |
| Modern humans began to spread outward and, through convergent evolution, adapted in similar ways to similar conditions... | Multiregional Hypothesis |
| Unlike bony fishes, amphibians have ... | Ears |
| The Spiny anteater and the Duckbill platypus are examples of ... | Monotremes |
| The Koala and the Tasmanian wolf are examples of.. | Marsupials |
| The first human-like feature to evolve in hominins was... | Bipedalism |
| Encompasses human behavior and products, is dependent on the capacity to speak and transmit knowledge... | Culture |
| First characteristic to develop that lead to the animal line... | Multicellularity |
| Turtles, crocodiles, lizards... | Reptiles |
| Body temperature matches the temperature of the external environment... | Ectothermic |
| Most numerous and diverse of all the vertebrates... | Bony fishes |
| Living both on land and in the water... | Amphibians |
| Lack features associated with vertebrates, yet all the invertebrates they are most closely related to chordates... | Echinoderms |
| Hard, crusty exoskeletons... | Crustaceans |
| Spiders, scorpions, ticks... | Arachnids |
| Secrete a nonliving exoskeleton that must be shed in order for the organism to grow... | Ecdysozoans |
| "Stomach-footed"... | Gastropods |
| "Head-footed"... | Cephalopods |
| Clams, oysters, scallops... | Bivalves |
| Tubule, found in annelids, that collects waste material and excretes it through an opening in the body wall... | Nephridium |
| Space between the two folds of the mollusc mantle... | Mantle cavity |
| Rasping, tongue-like organ of molluscs used to obtain food... | Radula |
| Soft-bodied portion of the mollusc that contains internal organs... | Visceral mass |
| Organism, like the sponge. that 'strains' food from the water by means of a device, usually pores of some type.... | Filter-feeder |
| Body cavity... | Coelom |
| Grow by adding additional mass to their existing body... | Lophotrochozoans |
| States animals are descended from an ancestor that resembled a hollow, spherical colony of flagellated cells... hypothesis | Colonial Flagellate |
| Include monkeys, apes, and humans... | Anthropoids |
| Includes only the apes, chimps and humans as well as the closest extinct relatives... | Hominid |
| Famous female skeleton dated at 3.18 MYA, small brain, and according to proportions of limbs the she stood upright and walked on two legs... | Lucy |
| Massive brow ridges, nose/jaw/teeth protruded far forward, forehead was low ad sloping, and lacked a chip... | Neandertals |
| Oldest fossils to be designated H. sapiens... | Cro-Magnons |
| Animal virus which contains RNA and goes through a DNA synthesis stage... | Retrovirus |
| Assembly of viral components within a host cell... | Maturation |
| Immediate viral reproduction cycle... | Lytic cycle |
| Incorporation of viral DNA into host DNA... | Integration |
| Infectious proteinaceous particle... | Prion |
| Latent viral reproduction cycle... | Lysogenic cycle |
| Naked strand of RNA; infectious... | Viroid |
| Noncellular, nonliving particles about 1/5 size of a bacterium... | Virus |
| Viral components are synthesized... | Biosynthesis |
| Viral DNA in its latent stage... | Prophage |
| Virus that infects and reproduces in a bacterium... | Bacteriophage |
| Outer unit of a virus composed of protein subunits... | Capsid |
| There are two types of ___; bacteria and archaea... | Prokaryotes |
| Show, in 1850, disproved the theory of spontaneous generation by show that sterilized broth cannot become cloudy with bacterial growth unless exposed to air where bacteria was abundant... | Louis Pasteur |
| Cell-like structures complete with an outer membrane and may have resulted from the self-assembly of macromolecules and eventually gave rise to cellular life... | Protocells |
| Area of a bacterial cell that it's chromosome is found... | Nucleoid |
| Small, circular chromosome found in a bacterial cell... | Plasmid |
| Bacterial cell walls are strengthened by a complex of polysaccharides linked by amino acids called... | Peptidoglycan |
| Occurs when a bacterium picks up free pieces of DNA from their surroundings that have been secreted by live prokaryotes or released by dead ones... | Transformation |
| Some bacteria are ___, forming a harmful relationship with one or more partners in which the bacterium benefits but the other organism suffers... | Parasitic |
| Biological cleanup of an environment that contais harmful chemicals called pollutants... | Bioremediation |
| Biological macromolecules produced by living cells... | Biotic synthesis |
| Capable of surviving in very extreme environments... | Archaea |
| How the first macromolecules on earth must have formed... | Abiotic synthesis |
| Likely the first cells on earth... | Prokaryotes |
| Most diverse and prevalent organisms on earth... | Bacteria |
| Rod shaped bacteria... | Bacillus |
| Spherical bacteria... | Coccus |
| Spiral shaped bacteria... | Spirilla |
| DNA passed between cells across a pilus... | Conjugation |
| Bacterial DNA is carried from one cell to another by a bacteriophage... | Transduction |
| Cells with a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles... | Eukaryotes |
| Extremophiles that thrive in anaerobic environments... | Methanogens |
| Extremophiles that thrive in high salinity environments... | Halophiles |
| Extremophiles that thrive in hot and acidic environments... | Thermoacidophiles |
| Cause disease by causing normal proteins to change shape and malfunction... | Prions |
| Enzyme unique to retroviruses... | Reverse transcriptase |
| Primary producers near deep-sea vents... | Chemoautotrophs |
| Unicellular, golden-brown algae with a silica shell... | Diatoms |
| Slime molds and water molds are ___, breaking down already dead material and releasing those nutrients into the environment... | Decomposers |
| Represent the oldest lineage of oxygenic organisms... | Cyanobacteria |
| Study of viruses... | Virology |
| A virus requires this in order to reproduce... | Host cell |
| Virus that reproduces within a bacterium... | Bacteriophage |
| Plant viruses often enter through damaged tissue and then move about the plant using the ___... | Plasmodesmata |
| Causes cold sores and chickenpox in humans and is a good example of a latent virus... | Herpes virus |
| Causative agent of a disease that only recently has infected large numbers of people... | Emerging virus |
| More stable form of nucleic acid... | Deoxyribonucleic acid |
| Gel-like coating outside a cell wall that is common in bacterial cells living in diverse environments... | Capsule |
| May be present between two bacterial cells allowing the transfer of DNA from one to the other... | Conjugation pilus |
| Bacteria that send enzymes into the environment and decompose almost any large organic molecule to smaller ones that are absorbable... | Saprotrophs |
| Cell targeted by a virus... | Host cell |
| Chemosynthesizers... | Chemoautotrophs |
| Heavy, protective coating surrounding a portion of dehydrated bacterial cytoplasm and a copy of the chromosome... | Endospore |
| Microbes that can cause disease... | Pathogens |
| Supported by the double membranes around mitochondria and chloroplasts... | Endosymbiont theory |
| Uicellular diatoms, algae, dinoflagellates, ciliates, etc | Protists |
| Chemical compound that composes the cell membrane of archaea... | Polysaccharides |
| Emerging viruses may have acquired new virulence factors or ___ factors may have encouraged their spread to an increased number of hosts in a relatively short period of time... | Environmental |
| Aim to prevent viral infections... | Vaccines |
| Used to treat bacterial infections... | Antibiotics |
| Side-effect of using antibiotics too frequently... | Antibiotic resistance |
| Darwin referred to the process of promoting certain traits by breeding members with those traits as... | Artificial selection |
| A morphological adaptation in which one species resembles another is called... | Mimicry |
| Population decline causes an extreme genetic drift called a(n)... | Bottleneck |
| Recently evolved traits that do not appear in ancestral fossils are called... | Derived traits |
| What are two main components of natural selection? | Variation and inheritance |
| What has occurred when fertilization produces a hybrid offspring that cannot develop or reproduce? | Postzygotic isolation |
| What occurs when average traits benefit a population rather than extreme traits? | Stabilizing selection |
| Charles Darwin served as naturalist on the ... | HMS Beagle |
| While in the ... Darwin noticed slight differences in the animals from one island to the next | Galapagos Islands |
| Show that the species present on Earth have changed over time | Fossils |
| Thought to be the ancestor of birds | Dinosaur |
| Are newly evolved features such as feathers | Derived traits |
| Though to be the ancestor of armadillos | Glyptodont |
| Modified structure seen among different groups of descendants | Homologous structures |
| Eyes in a blind fish are examples of... | Vestigial structures |
| DNA and RNA comparisons | Comparative biochemistry |
| Bird wings and butterfly wings | Analogous structures |
| Body structure that is no longer used for its original function | Vestigial structures |
| Study of the distribution of plants and animals on earth | Biogeography |
| Traits that enable individuals to survive or reproduce better than individuals without... | Adaptations |
| Change in allelic frequencies in a population that is due to change | Genetic drift |
| Removes individuals with average trait values, creating two populations with extreme ones | Disruptive selection |
| Most common form of selection | Stabilizing selection |
| When a small sample of the main population settles in a location separated from main population | Founder effect |
| Species evolves into a new species without any barriers that separate the populations | Sympatric speciation |
| Shift populations toward a beneficial but extreme trait value | Directional selection |
| Population is divided by a barrier, each population evolves separately and eventually two populations cannot successfully interbreed | Allopatric speciation |
| Change in size or frequency of a trait based on competition for mates | Sexual selection |
| One species will sometimes diversity in a relatively short time into a number of different species | Adaptive radiation |
| Idea that evolution occurred in small steps over millions of years | Gradualism |
| Leafy sea dragon looks more like a plant than an animal, this is an example of... | Camouflage |
| Change of species over time | Evolution |
| Industrial melanism is a special case of... | A structural adaptation |
| Process of directed breeding | Artificial selection |
| Organisms most adapted to their environment survive, those which are not best adapted will die | Natural selection |
| Early, pre-birth stage of an organisms development | Embryo |
| Occurs when two or more species evolve adaptations to resemble one another | Mimicry |
| Studying the structure of organisms during early stages of development | Comparative embryology |
| States that when allelic frequencies remain constant, a population is in genetic equilibrium | Hardy-Weinberg Principle |
| Primitive features, such as teeth and tails, which appear in ancestral forms | Ancestral traits |
| Process that splits a population into two groups | Disruptive selection |
| Tough, polysaccharide found in the cell walls of fungi... | Chitin |
| Reproductive structure of fungi... | Fruiting body |
| Specialized hyphae found in parasitic fungi... | Haustoria |
| Filaments composing the body o the fungus... | Hyphae |
| Netlike mass of branching hyphae... | Mycelium |
| Cross-walls between hyphae... | Septa |
| Sac or case in which spores are produced... | Sporangia |
| Reproductive haploid cell within a hard outer coat... | Spore |
| Fungi do not contain pigments/chloroplasts so they are not autotrophic but rather... | Heterotrophic |
| Can be used for both asexual or sexual reproduction in fungi... | Spores |
| Process by which the offspring grows off the parent (parent cell) until it is large enough to function on its own... | Budding |
| If the mycelium of a fungus is severed and the pieces are placed in an area in which conditions are favorable, each individual piece may grow and develop into a mature organism... | Fragmentation |
| An organism that feeds on and breaks down dead organisms, recycling nutrients back into food webs... | Decomposer |
| Some of the ___ and oldest organisms on earth belong to kingdom fungi... | Largest |
| The cells walls, ___ and septa distinguish fungus from plants... | Hyphae |
| Unicellular fungus found throughout the world and important in the commercial production of certain foods and beverages... | Yeasts |
| An organism that feeds off a host cell/organism... | Parasite |
| Organisms that live/function together and both benefit from the relationship... | Mutualism |
| Hyphae that spread across the surface of food... | Stolons |
| Hyphae that penetrate food and absorb nutrients... | Rhizoids |
| Reproductive structure of molds that contain haploid nucleus... | Gametangium |
| In sac fungi, hyphae that produce spores on their tips for asexual reproduction... | Conidophores |
| In sac fungi, a reproductive structure where a zygote forms during asexual reproduction... | Ascocarp |
| In sac fungi, a saclike structure where spores develop during sexual reproduction... | Ascus |
| Spores produced by the ascus in sac fungi... | Ascospores |
| Fruiting body of a club fungi... | Basidiocarp |
| Club-shaped hyphae that produce spores in club fungi... | Basidia |
| Spores produced in basidia during sexual reproduction of club fungi... | Basidiospores |
| Recent ___ suggests chytrids are related more closely to fungi than to protists... | Molecular evidence |
| A(n) ___ studies various aspects about fungus... | Mycologist |
| ___ are known as the imperfect fungi.. | Deuteromycota |
| Type of fungi which transform organic substances from waste matter and dead organisms into raw materials... | Saprophytes |
| Type of fungi which absorb nutrients from living hosts by means of haustoria... | Parasites |
| Type of fungi which live in a symbiotic relationship with other living organisms... | Mutualistic |
| Protect spores and keep them from drying out until they are released... | Sporangia |
| Includes bread molds and other molds... | Zygomycota |
| Appears to lack a sexual stage in life cycle... | Deuteromycota |
| Produces flagellated spores... | Chytridiomycota |
| Most common fungi phylum, includes yeasts... | Ascomycota |
| Includes mushrooms... | Basidiomycota |
| In sexual reproduction, parts of two haploid ___ fuse to form a diploid structure... | Mating strains |
| Most members of the phylum Ascomycota are ___ | Multicellular |
| Rapid growth of basidiocarps is due to... | Cell enlargement |
| Saprophytic basidiocarps produce enzymes that ... | Decompose wood |
| Produces airy bread and alcohol in beer and wine... | Fermentation |
| Use of fungi and bacteria to remove pollution... | Bioremediation |
| Living organism that is sensitive to environmental pollutants... | Bioindicator |
| Producing a large number of spores increases a species' changes of... | Survival |
| Some fungi are the source of ___ drugs used for organ transplants... | Immune suppressant |
| Help plants gather inorganic nutrients... | Mycorrhizal fungi |
| A fruit is derived from... | Ovary |
| Plant __ can be used in either sexual or asexual reproduction... | Spores |
| Plant tissue that transports water and minerals... | Xylem |
| Ferns, gymnosperms and angiosperms all have... | Megaphylls |
| DNA and RNA comparisons shows that fungus are most closely related to... | Animals |
| Have true roots, stems and leaves... | Vascular plants |
| Represented by the mosses... | Bryophytes |
| Tissue specialized to conduct organic nutrients from the leaves to the rest of the plant... | Phloem |
| Probably evolved from a multicellular, freshwater green algae about 500 mya.. | Terrestrial plants |
| Conifers bear ___ which contain reproductive structures of the plant... | Cones |
| Flowering plants... | Angiosperms |
| Sepals of the flower are arranged into a collective structure called the... | Calyx |
| The sporophyte generation of nonvascular plants produces spores in a structure called a(n)... | Sporangium |
| Specialized reproductive structure found in angiosperms... | Flower |
| A seed is a mature... | Embryo |
| Drought-resistant male gametophyte... | Pollen grains |
| Female reproductive structures within a flower... | Carpel |
| Fossilized plants used as a fuel that helps run our industrialized society... | Coal |
| Male reproductive structures within a flower... | Stamen |
| Organic compound that makes xylem cell walls stronger... | Lignin |
| A population is dramatically decreased and then rebounds, but is now homozygous for nearly every gene studies... | Bottleneck effect |
| Alters allele frequency only... | Natural selection |
| Is reproductively isolated from other species... | Biological species |
| Many new species evolving in various environments from a common ancestor... | Convergent evolution |
| Transitional links are least likely to be found if evolution proceeds according to the ___ model... | Punctuated equilibrium |
| Typically, mutations are immediately expressed and tested by the environment... | Prokaryotes |
| Allopatric, but not sympatric, speciation requires... | Geographic isolation |
| Alone, cannot bring about change in genotype and allele frequency... | Sexual reproduction |
| Process that results in adaptation of a population to the biotic and abiotic environments... | Natural selection |
| When two or more extreme phenotypes are favored over any intermediate phenotype... | Disruptive selection |
| Occurs when an extreme phenotype is favored and the distribution curve shifts in that direction... | Directional selection |
| All members of a single species occupying a particular are at the same time and reproducing with one another... | Population |
| Increase in the frequency of dark peppered moths compared to light peppered moths, due to pollution of the British forests they inhabited... | Industrial melanism |
| Occurs when an intermediate phenotype is favored... | Stabilizing selection |
| According to the ___ model, new species evolve slowly from an ancestral species... | Gradual |
| Changes in the allele frequencies of a gene pool due to chance... | Genetic drift |
| Favors characteristics that increase the likelihood of obtaining mates... | Sexual selection |
| All members of a single species occupying the same place at the same time... | Population |
| Different populations within the same species... | Subspecies |
| Individuals ted to mate with those that have the same phenotype with respect to a certain trait... | Assortative mating |
| Movement of alleles among populations by migration of breeding individuals... | Gene flow |
| Movement of continents that has contributed to several extinctions... | Continental drift |
| Permanent genetic changes... | Mutations |
| Rare alleles, or combination of alleles, occur at a higher frequency in a population isolated from the general population... | Founder effect |
| Various alleles at the same gene loci in all individuals... | Gene pool |
| Prevents a majority of genotypes from participating in the production of the next generation... | Bottleneck effect |
| As nations and populations grow, ___demands increase. | Energy |
| Associated with heat, light, electricity, motion, sound, nuclei, and nature of a chemical and can be transferred in many ways. | Energy |
| Ability to do work... | Energy |
| Energy used for lighting, cooking and cooling/heating... | Residential use |
| Energy used for electricity, heating and cooling in places like stores and schools... | Public use |
| Energy powers machines... | Industrial use |
| Energy powers cars, airplanse, trains, ships, etc | Transportation use |
| Gasoline and natural gas... | Petroleum products |
| Energy from resources that are continually produced... | Renewable |
| Energy from resources that are used up faster than they can be produced naturally... | Nonrenewable |
| Organic substances found underground in deposits formed from remains of organisms that lived millions of years ago | Fossil fuels |
| Energy from the sun... | Solar energy |
| Energy drawn from heat within the earth... | Geothermal energy |
| Commonly used unit of energy... | BTU |
| Energy that exists within the nucleus of an atom... | Nuclear energy |
| Muscular tissue that is both striated and involuntary... | Cardiac muscle |
| In a ____ control system, there is a fluctuation about a mean... | Negative feedback |
| Type of epithelial cells found in the epidermis... | Squamous |
| The layer below the epidermis... | Dermis |
| When a human being is cold, blood vessels ___ and sweat glands are inactive... | Constrict |
| Balance of internal systems relative to the external environment... | Homeostasis |
| Cells working together towards a common function... | Tissues |
| Type of muscle that helps to maintain posture... | Skeletal muscle |
| Only fluid tissue in the body... | Blood |
| Forms external coverings and internal linings of many organs and covers the entire surface of the body... | Epithelium |
| Refers to a cavity... | Lumen |
| Involved in binding organs together and providing support and protection... | Connective tissue |
| Noncellular material that varies from solid to semifluid to fluid and usually contains fibers... | Matrix |
| Not under conscious control... | Involuntary |
| Coordinates functions of the body and allows an animal to respond to external and internal environments... | Nervous system |
| Surrounds cells within a tissue... | Interstitial fluid |
| The ___ of cells, tissues and organs they compose directly impacts their function. | Structure |
| Component of blood that helps fight infection... | White blood cells |
| Contains actin and myosin filaments... | Muscle tissue |
| Transports nutrients and oxygen to tissue fluid for the cells and removes waste molecules... | Circulatory system/blood |
| Skin and it's accessory structures.... | Integumentary system |
| Secretes hormones... | Endocrine system |
| Rids blood of wastes and helps regulate fluid/chemical level/content... | Urinary system |
| Intake and breakdown of nutrients.. | Digestive system |
| Brings oxygen into the body and removes CO2... | Respiratory system |
| Absorbs fat from digestive system and collects excess tissue fluid which is returned to blood in the CV system... | Lymphatic system |
| Contains different tissues that each perform a function to aid in the overall action... | Organ |
| In exchange for a warm environment and plenty of food, our intestinal E. coli produce __ and assist in the breakdown of fiber into glucose. | Vitamin K |
| An orchid looks and smells like the female of a certain wasp species, so when a male tires to copulate with flower after flower, in the process he transfers pollen. This is an example of... | Coevolution |
| Starts where the soil has not yet formed following an environmental disruption... | Primary succession |
| The abundance of both species is expected to increase as a result of which type of species interaction? | Mutualism |
| In a grazing food web, carnivores that eat herbivores are considered... | Secondary consumers |
| Elements necessary for all living things... | Essential elements |
| The first trophic level in a food web is occupied by the... | Producers |
| A listing of the various species found in a community... | Species richness |
| Evolves in response to competition among species for a single niche... | Character displacement |
| Species which stabilizes the community and helps to maintain it's characteristics, essentially holding together the web of interactions... | Keystone species |
| Consists of communities of species interacting with each other and with the physical environment... | Ecosystem |
| Assemblage of populations of multiple species, interacting with one another within a single environment... | Community |
| Hummingbird-pollinated flowers are usually ___ , a color these birds can see. | Red |
| Come chemoautotrophs, near hydrothermal vents, split ___ to obtain the energy needed to link carbon atoms together to form glucose. | Hydrogen sulfide |
| Evolutionary change in one species results in an evolutionary change in another... | Coevolution |
| Carbon, phosphorous and nitrogen cycle are all... | Biogeochemical cycles |
| First species to appear in an area undergoing either type of ecological succession... | Pioneer species |
| Depicts the loss of nutrients and energy from one trophic level to the next... | Ecological pyramid |
| Evidence that competition and resource partitioning have taken place... | Character displacement |
| Often introduced into a community and greatly disrupt normal interactions... | Exotic species |
| Particular are of the community a species lives... | Habitat |
| Diagrams that show a single path of energy flow in an ecosystem... | Food chain |
| Increase in global temperature due to greenhouse gases accumulating in the atmosphere keeping radiation within... | Global warming |
| Typically occurs because humans allow overgrazing of livestock... | Desertification |
| Most of the freshwater in the world is used for... | Irrigation |
| The first ___ resulted from the development of high-responding wheat and rice varieties... | Green revolution |
| The preferred fossil fuel in the US is __ because it produces less pollution than the other(s). | Oil |
| Most freshwater is held in... | Glaciers |
| Trees with the ability to provide numerous products and perform a variety of functions in addition to serving as windbreaks... | Multipurpose trees |
| ___ of excess water from the over-irrigation of farmland causes salinization, accumulation of mineral salts, subsidence, loss of topsoil, etc. | Evaporation |
| Wild species, such as ladybugs, play a role in ___ of agricultural pests... | Biological control |
| Both direct and indirect value to humans... | Biodiversity |
| Protecting biodiversity and natural resources for the good of all living things is the focus of... | Conservation biology |
| Allow solar radiation to pass through the atmosphere but hinder the escape of infrared heat back into space... | Greenhouse gases |
| Any alteration of the environment in an undesirable way... | Pollution |
| Process of the soil settling as it dries out... | Subsidence |
| At least ___ % of the world population lives within 100km of a coastline... | Forty |
| Drawbacks to building ___ include; reservoirs lose water due to evaporation and seepage, salt left behind from evaporation and runoff can make water unusable farther downstream, etc. | Dams |
| The human impact on the environment is ___ to the size of the population... | Proportional |
| Crops such as wheat, corn and rice are derived from wild plants that have been modified to be high producers (example of ___) | Agricultural value |
| Delivers water directly to a plant's root systems... | Drip irrigation |
| Fresh water circulation, removal of CO2 from the air, uptake of excess soil nitrogen, etc. (example of ____) | Biogeochemical cycles |
| Variety of life on earth | Biodiversity |
| Most prescription drugs in the US were originally derived from organisms... (example of ___) | Medicinal value |
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