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BIO.SPRINGFINAL
BIOLOGY SPRING 2016 FINAL EXAM REVIEW
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What radioactive isotope would be used to measure the age of mummified tissue? | Carbon-14 |
| What fossil type provides the most anatomical information to paleontologist? | Amber |
| What is the name of the period that followed extensive glaciations in the precambrian? | Cambrian |
| Nearly all fossils occur in what kind of rock? | Sedimentary |
| The oldest fossils found were of microfossils and are 3.5 billion years old and found in _____. | Volcanic rock |
| Pasteur's experiments lead to the development of what theory? | Theory of Biogenesis |
| ____ was likely to have provided a framework for amino acid chains | Clay |
| Banded iron formations are important evidence for the early evolution of ___. | Photosynthetic autotrophs |
| What is the approximate age of the earth? | 4.6 billion years |
| Which gas was most likely not part of the earth's early atmosphere? | Oxygen |
| Cells with membrane bound nucleus and organelles | Eukaryotes |
| Cells without membrane bound nucleus and organelles | Prokayotes |
| Earth formed and the first life appeared | Precambrian |
| Energy from sunlight and lightning allowed the first organic molecules to form | Oparin Hypothesis |
| ____ are the first molecules that must for in order to life to exist | Amino acids |
| Mammals first appeared | Mesozoic era |
| Prokaryotic cells were likely involved in the formation of Eukaryotic cells | Endosymbiont theory |
| Scientists hypothesize that the first cells were ____ | Prokaryotic |
| Which era of earth's history could be named the"era of mammals?" | Cenozoic |
| The mass extinction of the dinosaurs happened during the ____ | Mesozoic era |
| Smallest unit of geologic time lasting several million years | Epoch |
| Determining the age in relation to the layers of rock surrounding the fossil | Relative dating |
| Determining the age of a fossil by measuring radioactive elements present | Radiometric dating |
| Scientist who studies fossils | Paleontologist |
| Unit of geologic time consisting of two or more periods that last hundreds of millions of years | Era |
| Divisions of geologic time lasting tens of millions of years | Periods |
| Younger rock layers are deposited atop older rock layers | Law of Superposition |
| Amount of time it takes for half of a given sample of radioactive elements to decay | Half-life |
| Remains or evidence of once living organisms | Fossils |
| Theory disproven by Redi | Spontaneous Generation |
| Because of it's ____, earth is a planet that is capable of maintaining an atmosphere | Gravitational field |
| Earliest fossilized life forms are known as ___. | Microfossils |
| The death of all individuals of a species | Extinction |
| Record of earth's history | Geologic time scale |
| Geologic time scale was based on a coordinated project by the ___. | International Commission on Stratigraphy |
| Ancestors of most major animal groups diversified in what scientists called the ____ | Cambrian Explosion |
| Sediment layer in which scientists found large amounts of an element called iridium. | K-T Boundary |
| The dominant organisms during mesozoic era | Dinosaurs |
| Describes the movement of several large plates that make up the surface of the earth. | Plate tectonics |
| Evidence indicates that a sequence of ______ preceded by the origin of life on earth and that life has evolved continuously since that time | Chemical events |
| Pasteur's experiment showed that sterile broth remained free of ____ until exposed to air | Microorganisms |
| The primordial soup hypothesis was proposed by Alexander Oparin and ___ | John Haldane |
| The ____ experiment showed for the first time that organic molecules could be produced from gases proposed to have made up the atmosphere of early earth. | Miller-Urey |
| Scientists who study chemistry and how it relates to life | Biochemists |
| An instrument or process by which something is done or comes into being | Mechanism |
| Archaea near deep-sea hydrothermal vents use ____ to form the base of the vent food web | Inorganic molecules |
| Scientists believe that iron banding in sedimentary rocks is a result of cyclic peaks in ____ production. | Oxygen |
| Biologist who proposed the endosymbiont theory | Lynn Margulis |
| Darwin referred to the process of promoting certain traits by breeding members with those traits as... | Artificial selection |
| A morphological adaptation in which one species resembles another is called... | Mimicry |
| Population decline causes an extreme genetic drift called a(n)... | Bottleneck |
| Recently evolved traits that do not appear in ancestral fossils are called... | Derived traits |
| What are two main components of natural selection? | Variation and inheritance |
| What has occurred when fertilization produces a hybrid offspring that cannot develop or reproduce? | Postzygotic isolation |
| What occurs when average traits benefit a population rather than extreme traits? | Stabilizing selection |
| Charles Darwin served as naturalist on the ... | HMS Beagle |
| While in the ... Darwin noticed slight differences in the animals from one island to the next | Galapagos Islands |
| Show that the species present on Earth have changed over time | Fossils |
| Thought to be the ancestor of birds | Dinosaur |
| Are newly evolved features such as feathers | Derived traits |
| Though to be the ancestor of armadillos | Glyptodont |
| Modified structure seen among different groups of descendants | Homologous structures |
| Eyes in a blind fish are examples of... | Vestigial structures |
| DNA and RNA comparisons | Comparative biochemistry |
| Bird wings and butterfly wings | Analogous structures |
| Body structure that is no longer used for its original function | Vestigial structures |
| Study of the distribution of plants and animals on earth | Biogeography |
| Traits that enable individuals to survive or reproduce better than individuals without... | Adaptations |
| Change in allelic frequencies in a population that is due to change | Genetic drift |
| Removes individuals with average trait values, creating two populations with extreme ones | Disruptive selection |
| Most common form of selection | Stabilizing selection |
| When a small sample of the main population settles in a location separated from main population | Founder effect |
| Species evolves into a new species without any barriers that separate the populations | Sympatric speciation |
| Shift populations toward a beneficial but extreme trait value | Directional selection |
| Population is divided by a barrier, each population evolves separately and eventually two populations cannot successfully interbreed | Allopatric speciation |
| Change in size or frequency of a trait based on competition for mates | Sexual selection |
| One species will sometimes diversity in a relatively short time into a number of different species | Adaptive radiation |
| Idea that evolution occurred in small steps over millions of years | Gradualism |
| Leafy sea dragon looks more like a plant than an animal, this is an example of... | Camouflage |
| Change of species over time | Evolution |
| Industrial melanism is a special case of... | A structural adaptation |
| Process of directed breeding | Artificial selection |
| Organisms most adapted to their environment survive, those which are not best adapted will die | Natural selection |
| Early, pre-birth stage of an organisms development | Embryo |
| Occurs when two or more species evolve adaptations to resemble one another | Mimicry |
| Studying the structure of organisms during early stages of development | Comparative embryology |
| States that when allelic frequencies remain constant, a population is in genetic equilibrium | Hardy-Weinberg Principle |
| Primitive features, such as teeth and tails, which appear in ancestral forms | Ancestral traits |
| Process that splits a population into two groups | Disruptive selection |
| The condition of no longer existing... | Extinction |
| Humanlike primates that appear to be more closely related to present-day human that to present-day chimps... | Anthropoids |
| Tree-dwelling... | Arboreal |
| Land-dwelling... | Terrestrial |
| Overlapping fields of vision... | Binocular vision |
| Active during the day... | Diurnal |
| Active during the night... | Nocturnal |
| Humanlike primate... | Hominin |
| A digit set apart from the others that can be brought across the palm or foot to touch or nearly touch other digists... | Opposable digit |
| Tail that functions like a fifth limb... | Prehensile tail |
| To become different in character or form... | Diverge |
| Suitable for diverse diets... | Unspecialized teeth |
| Extended dependency period to allow time to learn complex social interactions... | Low reproductive rate |
| Enhanced memory and coordination; problem-solving abilities and well developed social skills... | Large complex brain |
| Wet-nosed primates... | Strepsirrhines |
| Dry-nosed primates... | Haplorines |
| What is special about the island of Madagascar that makes it a great place to study evolution? | Isolated |
| First primates appeared... | 85 mya |
| Anthropoids diverged from tarsiers... | 50 mya |
| Earliest primate fossils appeared... | 60 mya |
| New world monkeys diverged from old world monkey line... | 35-25 mya |
| Flowering trees provided a new food source as well as new living environments; which most likely spurred the evolution of ____ living... | Arboreal |
| Organelle found in eukaryotic cells containing genetic material and responsible for cellular energy... | Mitochondria |
| First fully modern human group; expressed itself symbolically and artistically... | Cro-Magnon |
| Genus that includes living and extinct humans... | Homo |
| Distinct human species that evolved exclusively in Europe and Asia; larger and more heavily muscled than modern humans... | Neanderthal |
| Modern humans evolved from several dispersed populations of early Homo species at the same time in different areas of the world (convergent evolution)... | Multiregional evolution model |
| Modern humans evolved only once, in Africa, and then migrated to all parts of the world... | Out of Africa hypothesis |
| ___ DNA is inherited only from the mother... | Mitochondrial |
| Evidence suggests they cared for their sick and buried their dead... | H. neanderthalensis |
| More versatile than predecessors; adapted successfully to a variety of environments... | H. erectus |
| First undisputed member of the Homo genus... | H. habilis |
| Nicknamed the "hobbit"... | H. floresiensis |
| Though to have had the first "human nose"... | H. ergaster |
| Limber shoulders and hips made for ease of... | Locomotion |
| Binocular vision led to advanced... | Depth perception |
| Subfamily that includes only humans and human ancestors... | Hominin |
| Order of animals characterized by flexible hands and feet... | Primate |
| Humanlike primate... | Anthropoid |
| (T/F) The primate flexible hand might have evolved to catch insects... | T |
| (T/F) Arboreal adaptations allowed primitive primates to escape predators | F |
| (T/F) The earliest primate fossil might have resembled the modern tree shrew | T |
| (T/F) According to the fossil record, strepsirrhines were widespread by about 50 mya | T |
| (T/F) Early anthropoids had small brains | T |
| (T/F) When antrhopoids emerged, may strepsirrhines became extinct | T |
| (T/F) Aegyptopithecus fossils show neither haplorhine nor strepsirfhine features | F |
| Most primates have body types adapted for (hand over hand motion) or... | Brachiation |
| Most homo adaptations were a result to a ___ habitat... | Savanna |
| Small, apelike hominins that lived in Africa between 4.1-1 mya... | Austalopithicine |
| A. afarensis was bipedal, but she exhibited apelike traits. What type of evolutionary pattern might account for this...? | Mosaic |
| First undisputed member of the hominin group... | A. africanus |
| Which species made the fossilized footprints which Mary Leakey discovered? | A. afarensis |
| Who found "Lucy?" | Donald Johansen |
| Who found and nicknamed the "Taung baby?" | Raymond Dart |
| The name ___ means "spirit of the night"... | Lemur |
| The earliest fossilized primate is the ____... | Atliatlasius |
| Longer arms than legs, larger brains in comparison with monkeys, barrel-shaped chests, o tails and flexible joints... | Apes |
| Characterized by a relatively long tail which is often prehensile... | New world monkeys |
| African apes live in family groups or small bands and display complex... | Social behaviors |
| Best known and some of the oldest hominoid fossils; had the smallest brain of the hominoid... | Proconsul |
| "Prokaryotic" literally means... | Without a nucleus |
| Submicroscopic, hairlike structures that are made of protein | Pili |
| Although some prokaryotes are stationary, other use ___ for movement | Flagella |
| Autotrophs that break down and release inorganic compounds in their metabolism | Chemoautotrophs |
| Autotrophs that conduct photosynthesis | Photoautotrophs |
| To put similar organisms in groups | Classify |
| The science of grouping and naming organisms | Taxonomy |
| The largest of the classification categories | Kingdom |
| Two-name naming system of classification | Binomial Nomenclature |
| A group made up of all the orders of similar species | Class |
| Smallest, most specific classification category | Species |
| An organisms evolutionary history | Phylogeny |
| The great variety of plant and animal species on earth | Species Diversity |
| The 2nd highest of the taxonomical categories in the plant kingdom | Division |
| Tool to help identify an organism's scientific name | Dichotomous Key |
| Aristotle's classification categories DID NOT have a logical spot for ___________ (frogs) | Amphibians |
| Linnaeus's major contribution to organism classification was ________ | Binomial Nomenclature |
| The first word of an organisms scientific name is the | Genus |
| The second word of an organisms scientific name is the | Species |
| The ______ is always capitalized in the scientific name | Genus |
| When classification is based on phylogeny, scientist look specifically at DNA, fossils, body structures, and _______ _______ | Embryo Development |
| The kingdom that includes bacteria is ______ | Monera |
| Fungi make their own food (true/false) | False |
| Monera were the first cells on earth (true/false) | True |
| Protists are (eukaryotic/prokaryotic) | Eukaryotic |
| Animals are multi-celled and move independently (true/false) | True |
| A species whose survival is threatened by the cutting down of old growth forests in the US is the | Northern Spotted Owl |
| Scientists communicate best when they use _____ for classifications | Scientific Names |
| The classification system most commonly used today separates organisms into ______ major kingdom | Five |
| Organisms with the same ______ names are more closely related than those with the same phylum name and less closely related than those with the same Order. | Class |
| The Carolina parakeet and the ______ are species that have gone extinct because of human activities | Passenger Pigeon |
| Monera are (unicellular/multicellular/both) | Unicellular |
| Protists are (unicellular/multicellular/both) | Both |
| Fungi are (unicellular/multicellular/both) | Both |
| Plants are (unicellular/multicellular/both) | Multicellular |
| Animals are (unicellular/multicellular/both) | Multicellular |
| There can be more than one species in a genus (true/false) | True |
| The word Eukaryote means | True Nucleus |
| The language used for naming organisms is | Latin |
| The scientific name of an organism must either be italicized OR | Underlined |
| The word Prokaryote means | Before Nucleus |
| In the saying, "Kings Play Chess On Fuzzy Green Stools" the 'P' stands for | Phylum |
| In the saying, "Kings Play Chess On Fuzzy Green Stools" the 'O' stands for | Order |
| In the saying, "Kings Play Chess On Fuzzy Green Stools" the 'K' stands for | Kingdom |
| In the saying, "Kings Play Chess On Fuzzy Green Stools" the 'S' stands for | Species |
| In the saying, "Kings Play Chess On Fuzzy Green Stools" the 'C' stands for | Class |
| In the saying, "Kings Play Chess On Fuzzy Green Stools" the 'F' stands for | Family |
| In the saying, "Kings Play Chess On Fuzzy Green Stools" the 'G' stands for | Genus |
| Animal like protists... | Protozoans |
| Plant like protists... | Algae |
| Fungus like protists, Slime molds or... | Water molds |
| Fungus like protists, water molds or... | Slime molds |
| Protozoans which move via cilia... | Ciliates |
| Protozoans which move and envelop food using pseudopods... | Sarcodines |
| Protozoans which move via flagella... | Zooflagellates |
| Protozoans which reproduce using spores... | Sporozoans |
| Protist that makes its own food through photosynthesis... | Algae |
| Protists that east other unicellular organisms... | Protozoans |
| Protist that absorbs its nutrients from dead organisms... | Fungus-like protist |
| Digests wood for termites... | Microsporidium |
| Protists are classified into three groups based on... | Food source |
| The ___ of protists is now well known. | Evolutionary history |
| The ___ is describes the most likely means by which Eukaryotic cells, the protists being the first, evolved... | Endosymbiont theory |
| The ___ and zoomastigina (zooflagellates) cause diseases in humans... | Apicomplexa (sporozoans) |
| Type of sleeping sickness, AKA chagas disease, caused by a zooflagellate... | American Sleeping Sickness |
| African sleeping sickness is transmitted to humans via the... | Tsetse fly |
| Algal blooms occur when ___ reproduce in great numbers due to plentiful food and favorable environmental conditions... | Dinoflagellates |
| Algae that have characteristics of both plants and animals... | Euglenoids |
| The life cycle of algae is similar to plants in that they practice... | Alternation of generations |
| The cell walls of fungus like protists do not contain ___ like the cell walls of true fungi... | Chitin |
| Slime molds form a ___ which is a moving mass of cytoplasm... | Plasmodium |
| A chemical called ___ signals slime mold amoeboid cells to congregate and form a single sluglike colony... | Acrasin |
| Acellular slime molds belong to the phylum... | Myxomycota |
| Water molds and downy mildew in the phylum ___ are often found in water or other damp places... | Oomycota |
| The downy mildew responsible for the Irish potato famine... | Phytophthora infestans |
| Giant kelp is an example of... | Algae |
| Some protists live in ___ conditions in which they depend on other organisms... | Symbiotic |
| A paramecium is an example of... | Ciliates |
| Structure in a paramecium which contains copies of the cell's genome for controlling everyday functions... | Macroucleus |
| Amoebas use ___ for feeding and locomotion... | Pseudopods |
| Euglenoids have a structure called a(n) ___ to detect light... | Eyespot |
| What type of plant like protist produces much of the oxygen in the atmosphere? | Phytoplankton |
| ___ allow algae to absorb light in deep water... | Secondary pigments |
| The cell-wall of a fungus like protist contains ___ instead of chitin... | Cellulose |
| Feeding stage of a slime mold in which it is a mobile cytoplasmic mass... | Plasmodium |
| What does a diatom use to store excess food? | Oil |
| Which organism has silica walls? | Diatom |
| A Paramecium's contractile vacuole helps to regulate the ___ inside the cell... | Amount of water |
| Contain parasitic sporozoans... | Apicomplexa |
| Used to thicken puddings, syrups and shampoos... | Red algae |
| Includes all species of kelp... | Brown algae |
| Includes the most common species of algae found in NA freshwater... | Green algae |
| Most freshwater algae species are classified into phylum... | Chlorophyta |
| Phylum phaeophyta classifies kelp and other protists called... | Brown algae |
| Algae in phylum bacillariophyta that have two halves and display a wide variety of geometric shapes... | Diatoms |
| Ciliates vary the composition of their DNA by using the process of ... | Conjugation |
| Protists in phylum Rhodophyta that contain calcium carbonate and contribute to the formation of coral reefs are called... | Red algae |
| Human disease caused by a sporozoan and transmitted by mosquitoes... | Malaria |
| asexual reproduction in which there is an exchange of genetic information.... | Conjugation |
| Studies organisms that usually are seen only with a microscope... | Microbiologist |
| The concentration of dissolved substances is lower in the solution outside the cell than the concentration inside the cell... | Hypotonic |
| The concentration of dissolved substances is the same in the solution as is inside the cell... | Isotonic |
| Comes from the Greek word meaning 'the very first'... | Protist |
| Chlorophyll containing organelles found in the cells of green plants and some protists that capture light energy and convert it to chemical energy... | Chloroplast |
| A biologist who specializes in the study of algae... | Algologist |
| Yellow-green and golden brown algae... | Chrysophytes |
| Something that completes or makes an addition... | Supplement |
| A glucose polymer that forms the cell walls of plants and some fungus like protists... | Cellulose |
| A particular state in a regular cycle of changes... | Phase |
| Tough, polysaccharide found in the cell walls of fungi... | Chitin |
| Reproductive structure of fungi... | Fruiting body |
| Specialized hyphae found in parasitic fungi... | Haustoria |
| Filaments composing the body o the fungus... | Hyphae |
| Netlike mass of branching hyphae... | Mycelium |
| Cross-walls between hyphae... | Septa |
| Sac or case in which spores are produced... | Sporangia |
| Reproductive haploid cell within a hard outer coat... | Spore |
| Fungi do not contain pigments/chloroplasts so they are not autotrophic but rather... | Heterotrophic |
| Can be used for both asexual or sexual reproduction in fungi... | Spores |
| Process by which the offspring grows off the parent (parent cell) until it is large enough to function on its own... | Budding |
| If the mycelium of a fungus is severed and the pieces are placed in an area in which conditions are favorable, each individual piece may grow and develop into a mature organism... | Fragmentation |
| An organism that feeds on and breaks down dead organisms, recycling nutrients back into food webs... | Decomposer |
| Some of the ___ and oldest organisms on earth belong to kingdom fungi... | Largest |
| The cells walls, ___ and septa distinguish fungus from plants... | Hyphae |
| Unicellular fungus found throughout the world and important in the commercial production of certain foods and beverages... | Yeasts |
| An organism that feeds off a host cell/organism... | Parasite |
| Organisms that live/function together and both benefit from the relationship... | Mutualism |
| Hyphae that spread across the surface of food... | Stolons |
| Hyphae that penetrate food and absorb nutrients... | Rhizoids |
| Reproductive structure of molds that contain haploid nucleus... | Gametangium |
| In sac fungi, hyphae that produce spores on their tips for asexual reproduction... | Conidophores |
| In sac fungi, a reproductive structure where a zygote forms during asexual reproduction... | Ascocarp |
| In sac fungi, a saclike structure where spores develop during sexual reproduction... | Ascus |
| Spores produced by the ascus in sac fungi... | Ascospores |
| Fruiting body of a club fungi... | Basidiocarp |
| Club-shaped hyphae that produce spores in club fungi... | Basidia |
| Spores produced in basidia during sexual reproduction of club fungi... | Basidiospores |
| Recent ___ suggests chytrids are related more closely to fungi than to protists... | Molecular evidence |
| A(n) ___ studies various aspects about fungus... | Mycologist |
| ___ are known as the imperfect fungi.. | Deuteromycota |
| Type of fungi which transform organic substances from waste matter and dead organisms into raw materials... | Saprophytes |
| Type of fungi which absorb nutrients from living hosts by means of haustoria... | Parasites |
| Type of fungi which live in a symbiotic relationship with other living organisms... | Mutualistic |
| Protect spores and keep them from drying out until they are released... | Sporangia |
| Includes bread molds and other molds... | Zygomycota |
| Appears to lack a sexual stage in life cycle... | Deuteromycota |
| Produces flagellated spores... | Chytridiomycota |
| Most common fungi phylum, includes yeasts... | Ascomycota |
| Includes mushrooms... | Basidiomycota |
| In sexual reproduction, parts of two haploid ___ fuse to form a diploid structure... | Mating strains |
| Most members of the phylum Ascomycota are ___ | Multicellular |
| Rapid growth of basidiocarps is due to... | Cell enlargement |
| Saprophytic basidiocarps produce enzymes that ... | Decompose wood |
| Produces airy bread and alcohol in beer and wine... | Fermentation |
| Use of fungi and bacteria to remove pollution... | Bioremediation |
| Living organism that is sensitive to environmental pollutants... | Bioindicator |
| Producing a large number of spores increases a species' changes of... | Survival |
| Some fungi are the source of ___ drugs used for organ transplants... | Immune suppressant |
| Adaptations to ___ on earth contributed to the evolution of plants... | Environmental changes |
| Present day plants and ___ share many characteristics... | Present day algae |
| Waxy coating on outer surface of plant cells... | Cuticle |
| Openings on plant leaves enabling exchange of gases... | Stomata |
| Specialized plant tissues used for transport... | Vascular tissue |
| Reproductive strategies that enabled the adaptations of plants to land... | Spores/seeds |
| Haploid gametophyte generation produces diploid sporophyte generation... | Alternation of generations |
| Haploid gametophyte produces... | Gametes |
| Diploid sporophyte produces... | Spores |
| Most of the plant's lifetime is spent in the ___ | Sporophyte generation |
| Typically small and usually grow in damp enviroments... | Nonvascular plants |
| Mosses; no true leaves; rhizoids; water and nutrients transported via diffusion... | Bryophyta |
| Rootlike, multicellular projections that anchor mosses to the soil/surfaces... | Rhizoids |
| Smallest division; water and nutrients via osmosis/diffusion; one large chloroplast in each cell; mutualistic relationship with cyanobacterium... | Anthocerophyta |
| Liverworts; grow close to the ground; water and nutrients transported by osmosis/diffusion, classified as either thallose or leafy... | Hepaticophyta |
| Tissues for transport and are generally larger and better adapted to drier environments than nonvascular plants... | Seedless vascular plants |
| Compact cluster of spore-bearing structures... | Strobilus |
| Includes ferns ad horsetails; coal age plants; can produce sporophytes without fertilization... | Pterophyta |
| Plants that live anchored to an object or another plant... | Epiphyte |
| Underground organs for food-storage... | Rhizomes |
| Large, leaf-like structure seen in seedless vascular plants... | Frond |
| Structure in which spores form... | Sporangium |
| Clusters of sporangium on the underside of fronds... | Sorus |
| Structure found within the seed that either stores food or helps absorb food for the tiny sporophyte... | Cotyledon |
| Male and female cones grow on separate plants; large, divided leaves; naturally found in tropics and subtropics; grew in abundance 200 mya... | Cycadophyta |
| Can live as long as 1500-2000 years; just three genera; ranges from species of tropical trees and climbing vines... | Gnetophyta |
| Only one living species left; small fan-shaped leaves; male and female systems on separate plants... | Ginkgophyta |
| Range i size from low-growing shrubs to towering trees; most economically important gymnosperms; waxlike coating on needle-/scale-like leaves... | Coniferophyta |
| Flowering plants; most widely distributed plants; make up 75% of the plant kingdom today... | Anthophyta |
| Completes its life span in one growing season or less... | Annual plants |
| Life span two years... | Biennial plants |
| Can live for several years and usually produces flowers and seeds yearly... | Perennial plants |
| Protists that formed colonies in the sea 570 mya and are the predecessors of the animal kingdom... | Choanoflagellates |
| Must feed on other organisms... | Heterotrophs |
| Can produce their own food... | Autotrophs |
| Without a backbone... | Invertebrates |
| With a backbone and endosekelton.. | Vertebrates |
| Cover the bodies of many invertebrates... | Exoskeletons |
| Internal skeletons... | Endoskeletons |
| Animal cells lack a ___ like those found in plants... | Cell wall |
| Animals are organized into structure and functional units called... | Tissues |
| Produce both eggs and sperm in the same animal body... | Hermaphrodites |
| Cell formed from a fertilized egg cell... | Zygote |
| Fluid filled ball of cells... | Blastula |
| Two cell layer sac with opening at one end... | Gastrula |
| Inner layer of gastrula; develops into digestive organs and lining of the digestive tract... | Endoderm |
| Outer layer of gastrula; develops into nervous tissue and skin... | Ectoderm |
| Develops to become muscle, circulatory system, excretory system and in some species a respiratory system... | Mesoderm |
| First anatomical feature to indicate a major change in body plants was the... | Development of tissues |
| Similarity or balance among body structures... | Symmetry |
| A body plan with a definite head and rear end; also a ventral and dorsal surface... | Cephalization |
| Fluid-filled cavity developing within mesoderm... | Coelom |
| Fluid-filled cavity that develops between mesoderm and endoderm... | Pseudocoelom |
| Organisms without an internal cavity; solid bodies... | Acoelomate |
| Animals whose mouth develops from the first opening in the gastrula; final outcome for each cell in embryo cannot be altered... | Protostomes |
| Animals whose anus develops from the first opening in the gastrula; final outcome for each cell in embryo can be altered... | Deuterostomes |
| Body or body parts is/are broken into individual sections... | Segmentation |
| First animals to evolve from multicellular ancestor... | Sponges and Cnidarians |
| No tissues and asymmetrical... | Phylum Porifera |
| Two tissue layers and contain collar cells... | Phylum Cnidaria |
| Approximately when did primitive land plants appear? | 400 mya |
| What was the biggest obstacle for plants to live on land? | Obtaining enough water |
| Structure which contains clusters of sporangia in ferns... | Sorus |
| Plant division that has needle-like or scaly leaves? | Coniferophyta |
| When one cell is removed during early development, the organism will not develop into a complete animal... | Protostome |
| When one cell is removed during early development, not only will the organism still develop completely but the cell removed could develop into a whole new organism... | Deuterostome |
| The under-surface of an animal, or the belly side... | Ventral |
| Cnidarians evolved directly from.. | Multicellular choanoflagellates |
| Most primitive of land plants... | Liverworts |
| Body plan with mirror-image right and left halves... | Bilateral symmetry |
| Plant that lives anchored to another plant or object... | Epiphyte |
| Hard outer covering of some animals... | Exoskeleton |
| Two-layer sac with an opening at one end... | Gastrula |
| Animals that produce both eggs and sperm... | Hermaphrodites |
| Spore-bearing structures that form a compact cluster... | Strobilus |
| Enable gas exchange for terrestrial plants... | Stomata |
| Backside of an organism... | Dorsal surface |
| The gametophyte is... | Haploid |
| The sporophyte is... | Diploid |
| Plant structure that contains the embryo... | Seed |
| Gymnosperms with cones containing reproductive structures, large divided leaves, tropics and subtropics... | Cycadophyta |
| Tropical trees and climbing vines, gymnosperms, source of ephedrine, live in diverse environments... | Gnetophyta |
| One living species of this gymnosperm division left... | Ginkgophyta |
| Used for lumber and lumber products... | Confierophyta |
| Flower plants... | Anthophyta |
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SavannahElkins
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