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Kingdom Anamalia
Anamalia
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Kingdom Animalia | Characteristics *Heterotrophic *Eukaryotic *Move for reproduction, obtaining food, defense *No cell wall *Most form a blastula, a hollow ball of cells |
| 3 tissue layers | Ectoderm: Outer skin, nervous, sensory Endoderm: Digestive and respiratory structures Mesoderm:Skeleton, muscles, circulatory, reproductive |
| Asymmetrical | irregular in shape example: sponge |
| Radial symmetry | body parts arranged around a central axis example: Coral, jellyfish |
| Bilateral symmetry | distinct left and right halves example: Butterfly |
| Body cavity type: Acoelamate | No body cavity example: flatworm |
| Body cavity type: Pseudocoelomate: body cavity between mesoderm and endoderm | body cavity between mesoderm and endoderm example: roundworm |
| Body cavity type: Coelomate: fluid filled space between body wall and digestive tract, protects organs during movement | fluid filled space between body wall and digestive tract, protects organs during movement example: earthworm, human |
| Animal Body Systems: Digestion | *Sponges digest intracellularly while all other animals digest extracellularly *Hydra has a gut with one opening, while more advanced animals have 2 |
| Animal Body Systems: Respiration | *Simple animals (sponges) use diffusion *Some aquatic and terrestrial animals use gills (must stay moist) *Other organs, such as lungs, have evolved |
| Which are more efficient: gills or lungs? | Gills are more efficient at getting oxygen from water. |
| Animal Body Systems: Circulation | *Simple animals use diffusion *Two types of circulatory systems are: 1.Open circulatory system: fluid leaves the circulatory vessels. Example: clam 2.Closed circulatory system: blood remains in the circulatory vessels. Example: earthworm |
| Animal Body Systems: Conduction of Nerve Impulses | *Nerve cells (neurons) are specialized for carrying electrical impulses *Found in all animals except sponges *Simplest arrangement is a nerve net (hydra) *A nerve cord and brain with sensory structures such as eyes are more advanced |
| Animal Body Systems: Support | *The skeleton supports the body and allows for movement *Muscles contract against the framework of the skeleton |
| Hydrostatic skeleton | *fluid under pressure in a closed cavity *Seen in soft-bodied invertebrates such as the hydra and jellyfish |
| Exoskeleton | Rigid, external skeleton found in arthropods, bivalves *Muscles are attached to inside of skeleton, which protects organs |
| Endoskeleton | Embedded inside an animal, such as the bones within a mammal |
| Excretion | Removal of wastes produce by cellular metabolism *One toxic waste is ammonia *Some animals excrete waste through skin or gills *Others use kidneys or other structures designed to minimize water loss |
| Reproductive Strategies | 1.Asexual Reproduction – does not involve the fusion of 2 gametes 2.Sexual reproduction *Some animals, called hermaphrodites,have both testes and ovaries. Examples: slugs, earthworms, some fish *External fertilization: aquatic animals release sperm an |
| Invertebrates: more than 95% of all animal species | This is true |
| Polyp | Example: Hydra |
| Medusa | example: Moon jellyfish |
| Cephalopods | Many have an ink sac and are capable of expelling ink to confuse predato |
| Insect Life Cycle | Complete metamorphosis egg ->larva->pupae-> adult |
Created by:
garnieg
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