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Hemodynamics
Vascular Componants of the Circulatory System and Hemodynamics
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Blood Flow | proportional to ∆ pressure, inversely proportional friction resistance |
| Friction Resistance (R) | friction between blood and the vessel walls |
| Factors Affecting Blood Flow | mean arterial pressure and vascular resistance |
| Smooth Muscle | under sympathetic control |
| Elastic Arteries | resilient to high BP, conducting arteries (aorta) |
| Elastic Rebound | recoil of elastic fibers push blood and prevent drop of blood pressure during diastole |
| Muscular Arteries | distribute blood to the skeletal muscles and internal organs |
| Arterioles | one or two layers of smooth muscle cells |
| Aneurism | blood pressure exceeds the capacity of elastic fibers to compensate for the pressure |
| Capillaries | allow gas and chemical exchange with interstitial fluid |
| Continuous Capillaries | allow diffusion of H2O, lipid-soluble molecules and small solutes (cartilage, epithelia, muscles, lungs, adipose tissue) |
| Fenestrated Capillaries | allow fat exchange of water and solutes, contain windows or pores |
| Sinusoid Capillaries | allow movement of large plasma proteins |
| Capillary Beds | networks of capillaries originating from arterioles and emptying into small venules |
| Venules | small veins which collect blood from capillary beds |
| Medium Sized Veins | comparable in size to muscular arteries |
| Capacitance | relationship between the volume of blood a vessel contains and the blood pressure |
| Myogenic Regulation | smooth muscle changes its level of contraction as a consequence of changes in BP |
| Metabolic Regulation | vasodilation is promoted when a tissue/organ experiences low O2, high CO2, or low pH |
| Blood Pressure | proportional to CO x total peripheral R |
| Baroreceptors | stretch receptors located in the aortic arch and cartoid sinuses |
| Vasomotor Control Centers | control vasoconstriction/vasodilation; present in the medulla |
| Cardiac Control Centers | regulates cardiac rate; present in the medulla |
| Colloid Osmotic Pressure | osmotic pressure exerted by plasma proteins |
| Oncotic Pressure | movement of H2O from the interstitial fluid to the plasma |
| Starling Forces | general name for colloid osmotic pressure and net filtration pressure |