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Vocab

TermDefinition
Gene a segment of DNA that codes for a particular protein, which in turn codes for a trait or characteristic, i.e. the gene for height
Chromosome composed of genes; when an organism reproduces the chromosome is what carries the genetic info from parent to offspring
Allele the two forms of a gene, i.e. the tall allele and short allele for the gene of height
Diploid cells with two copies of each chromosome, having received one copy from each parent
Haploid cells with only one copy of each chromosome
Somatic Cell a regular body cell of an organism, contains 2n- diploid
Gamete the sex cell of an organism (sperm or egg) that contains only one copy of an allele for a given trait, contains n- haploid
Homologous Chromosome the two copies of each chromosome in a diploid cell
Dominant the stronger form of an allele that is always expressed, represented by an upper case letter
Recessive the weaker form of an allele that is hidden by the dominant allele if it is present, represented by a lower case letter
Homozygous an allelic combo where both alleles are dominant or both alleles are recessive, also called true breeding
Heterozygous an allelic combo where 1 of each type of allele is present, also called a hybrid
Phenotype the physical appearance for an organism, ex. tall or short
Genotype the actual genetic makeup of an organism
Cross refers to the purposeful reproduction of 2 organisms, for ex. you cross a tall plant with a short plant
Probability the likelihood or chance of getting an offspring with a certain characteristic
Created by: BarrieLisa
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