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Genetics Vocab-AB

TermDefinition
Gene A segment of DNA that codes for a particular protein, which in turn codes for a trait of characteristic, i.e. the gene for height
Chromosome Composed of genes; when an organism reproduces the chromosome is what carries the genetic information from parent to offspring
Allele The two forms of a gene; i.e. the tall allele and the short allele for height
Diploid Cells with two copies of each chromosome, having received only one copy from each parent, 2n
Haploid Cells with only one copy of each chromosome, n
Somatic Cell A regular body cell of an organism, contains 2n-diploid
Gamete The sex cell of an organism(sperm of egg) that contains only one copy of an allele for a given trait, contains n, haploid
Homologous Chromosome The two copies of each chromosome in a diploid cell
Dominant The stronger form of the allele that is always expressed; represented by an upper case (R)
Recessive The "weaker" form of an allele that is hidden by the dominant allele if it is present, represented by a lower case (r)
Homozygous An allelic combination where both alleles are dominant (RR) or recessive(rr), also called true breeding
Heterozygous An allelic combination where one of each type of allele is present (Rr), also called a hybrid
Phenotype The physical appearance for an organism, i.e. tall or short
Genotype The actual genetic makeup of an organism, i.e. RR, rr, or Rr
Cross Refers to the purposeful reproduction of two organism, for example you cross a tall plant with a short one
Probability The likelihood or chance of getting an offspring with a certain characteristic
Created by: 2015bernarda
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