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micro 15
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The bone marrow is where immune responses to antigen occur. blood stem cells give rise to immature lymphocytes. antigen is filtered from the blood. antigen is filtered from tissue fluid. T lymphocytes complete maturation. | blood stem cells give rise to immature lymphocytes. |
| The progeny cells of a B-cell clone are called antibodies. sensitized T cells. activated macrophages. plasma cells. Bursa cells. | plasma cells |
| Helper T cells secrete antibodies. function in allergic reactions. directly destroy target cells. suppress immune reactions. activate B cells and other T cells | activate B cells and other T cells |
| Plasma cells secrete antibodies. function in allergic reactions. directly destroy target cells. suppress immune reactions. activate B cells and other T cells. | secrete antibodies |
| Cell surface markers involved in immune reactions are the result of genetic expression. function in recognition of self molecules. receive and transmit chemical messages among other cells of the system. aid in cellular development. All | All of the choices are correct |
| The major histocompatability complex is a group of blood vessels that protects the nervous system. a set of genes that code for MHC cell receptors. also known as the complement system. located in the thymus gland. All of the choices are correct. | a set of genes that code for MHC cell receptors. |
| Class II MHC genes code for certain secreted complement components. self receptors recognized by natural killer cells. all HLA antigens. receptors located primarily on macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells. All of the choices are correct. | receptors located primarily on macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells. |
| Class I MHC genes code for certain secreted complement components. markers that display unique characteristics of self. all HLA antigens. receptors located primarily on macrophages and B cells. All of the choices are correct. | markers that display unique characteristics of self. |
| Lymphocytes | All of the choices are correct. |
| The monomer subunit of immunoglobulin molecules has all the following except | four antigen binding sites |
| The region of each antibody molecule where amino acid composition is very different from one clone of B lymphocytes to another is the variable region. joining region. constant region. light region. hinge region. | variable region |
| Lymphocyte maturation involves | All of the choices are correct |
| Properties of effective antigens include all the following except | large polymers made up of repeating subunits |
| The molecular fragment on an antigen molecule that a lymphocyte recognizes and responds to is called a/an epitope. hapten. antigen binding site. variable region. None of the choices are correct | epitope |
| Small foreign molecules that are too small by themselves to elicit an immune response are termed antigenic determinant. hapten. antigen binding site. variable region. None of the choices are correct. | hapten |
| Antigen presenting cells include dendritic cells. include macrophages. engulf and modify antigen to be more immunogenic. hold and present processed antigen on their cell membrane surface. All of the choices are correct. | All of the choices are correct |
| T cell response to T-cell-dependent antigens requires | All of the choices are correct |
| Which process involves antibodies covering surface receptors on a virus or toxin molecule thereby disrupting their activity? Neutralization Opsonization Complement fixation Agglutination Anamnestic response | Neutralization |
| Which process involves antibodies cross-linking cells or particles into large aggregates? Neutralization Opsonization Complement fixation Agglutination Anamnestic response | Agglutination |
| Which process involves antibodies coating microorganisms in order to facilitate phagocytosis? Neutralization Opsonization Complement fixation Agglutination Anamnestic response | Opsonization |
| Which process involves a more rapid synthesis and greatly increased titer of antibody when the immune system is subsequently exposed to the same antigen? Neutralization Opsonization Complement fixation Agglutination Anamnestic response | Anamnestic response |
| The immunoglobulin class that has a dimer form found in mucus, saliva, colostrum, and other body secretions is IgA. IgD. IgE. IgG. IgM. | IgA. |
| The immunoglobulin class that is the only one capable of crossing the placenta is IgA. IgD. IgE. IgG. IgM. | IgG |
| All of the following are characteristics of IgM except it has 10 antigen binding sites. it contains a central J chain. it is the first class synthesized by a plasma cell. it can fix complement. it is a dimer. | it is a dimer |
| Which immunoglobulin class/es can fix complement? IgM only IgG only IgD only IgM and IgG IgE and IgA | IgM and IgG |
| When antiserum is subjected to electrophoresis, the gamma globulin band contains mostly IgM. IgA. IgD. IgE. IgG. | IgG |
| The most significant cells in graft rejection are helper T cells. suppressor T cells. cytotoxic T cells. B cells. natural killer (NK) cells. | cytotoxic T cells. |
| Which are the first to attack cancer cells and virus-infected cells? helper T cells suppressor T cells cytotoxic T cells delayed hypersensitivity T cells natural killer (NK) cells | natural killer (NK) cells |
| Monoclonal antibodies originate from a single B cell clone. have a single specificity for antigen. are secreted by hybridomas. are used in immunology lab tests and cancer therapy. All of the choices are correct. | All of the choices are correct. |
| Cytotoxic T cells stimulate B cell proliferation. lack specificity for a target cell. secrete granzymes and perforins that damage target cells. secrete interleukin-2 to stimulate B and T cells. All of the choices are correct. | secrete granzymes and perforins that damage target cells. |
| An example of artificial passive immunity would be | giving a person immune serum globulins to chickenpox virus after exposure to the disease |
| An example of natural passive immunity would be | a fetus acquiring maternal IgG to the chickenpox virus across the placenta. |
| An example of artificial active immunity would be chickenpox infection is followed by lifelong immunity | chickenpox vaccine triggers extended immunity to chickenpox. |
| Which type of cell is severely depressed in AIDS patients? Cytotoxic T cells Helper T cells B cells Plasma cells Suppressor T cells | Helper T cells |
| In the primary response to an antigen, the first class of antibody to be secreted is IgD. IgE. IgG. IgM. IgA. | IgM |
| In the secondary response to an antigen, the predominant antibody is IgD. IgE. IgG. IgM. IgA. | IgG |
| All of the following characterize the secondary response to an antigen except a higher titer of antibody is produced than the primary response. | it is mostly IgM antibodies that are produced |
| Which antibody confers the most important specific local immunity to enteric, respiratory, and genitourinary pathogens? IgD IgE IgG IgM IgA | IgA |
| Herceptin is an example of a monoclonal antibody-based drug for asthma. Chron's disease. breast cancer. respiratory syncytial virus. All of the choices are correct. | breast cancer |
| Cody is 4 months old and is given an MMR injection by his pediatrician as part of the routine immunization schedule. What type of immunity is this? | Artificial active immunity |
| Edward Jenner's work involved inoculation of dried pus from smallpox pustules into a person to stimulate immunity. | immunization using a related, less pathogenic organism to give protection against a more pathogenic one. |
| Immunotherapy is the use of antitoxins. use of immune serum globulin. conferring of passive immunity. administering of preformed antibodies. All of the choices are correct. | All of the choices are correct. |
| Killed or inactivated vaccines are prepared by Killed or inactivated vaccines are prepared by | All of the choices are correct. |
| Live, attenuated vaccines include the Sabin polio vaccine. include the measles, mumps, rubella vaccine (MMR). | include the measles, mumps, rubella vaccine (MMR). |
| Toxoids contain modified bacterial exotoxin molecules. are always genetically engineered. contain select antigenic components of a pathogen rather than whole cells or viruses. confer passive immunity. All of the choices are correct. | contain modified bacterial exotoxin molecules |
| Which of the following is a special binding substance that enhances immugenicity and prolongs antigen retention at the injection site? Adjuvant Booster Antibodies to toxin Gamma globulin "Trojan horse" recombinant vaccine | Adjuvant |
| Antitoxins contain antibodies to neutralize specific toxin. use Vaccinia virus with genetic material of bacterial toxins. contain purified, chemically denatured bacterial exotoxin. include capsule material against the pneumococcus and meningococcu | contain antibodies to neutralize specific toxin. |
| The DTaP immunization contains diphtheria toxoid. is administered in childhood. contains tetanus toxoid. contains a pertussis vaccine with acellular capsule material. All of the choices are correct. | All of the choices are correct. |
| Which of the immunizations would carry the greatest risk for immunocompromised patients? Killed, inactivated vaccines Attenuated vaccines Toxoids Immune serums Subunit vaccines | Attenuated vaccines |
| Which of the following conditions have been conclusively proven to be linked to childhood vaccinations? Autism Diabetes Asthma All of the choices are correct. None of the choices are correct. | None of the choices are correct. |
| All of the following are advantages of attenuated vaccines over inactivated vaccines except | they can be transmitted to other people. |
| All of the following are advantages of attenuated vaccines over inactivated vaccines except | they can mutate back to a virulent strain |
| All of the following are characteristics of an effective vaccine except | it should stimulate only the antibody (B-cell) response |
| Reliable Vaccines exist for all of the following diseases except | malaria |
| Sam works in construction and stepped on a sharp nail. He can't remember the last time he had a tetanus shot. What type of immunity is the most important for him to recieve. | Artifical passive immunity |
| The immunoglobulins found on the surface of B cells is are | IgD only |
| Superantigens are | bacterial toxins that activate T cells at a 100 times greater than other antigens. |
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Cap2011
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