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comp anat vert hour4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 4 evolutionary trends of teeth | 1) location -teeth found in the maxilla and pre maxilla and mandible 2) number of teeth 3) replacement sets 4) form (e.g. primitive teeth of reptiles only used for grasping prey) |
| polydontia | many teeth |
| oligodontia | few teeth |
| adontia | no teeth |
| polyphyodontia | many replacement sets |
| oligophyodontia | few replacement sets |
| diphyodontia | two replacement sets |
| hemidiphyodontia | dont have a full replacement set |
| aphyodontia | not teeth at all |
| monophyodontia | a single set |
| in mammals 4 things happen because they chew their food | 1) developed different shaped teeth 2) jaw articulation changes 3) development of moveable tongue 4) cheeks to store food while you are chewing it |
| Brachiodont | low crown teeth (e.g. pig) |
| hypsodont | high crown teeth (e.g. horse) |
| hypsodont are classified by | the erosion patterns on their teeth |
| homodontia | all the same type of teeth |
| heterodontia | different types of teeth |
| pleurodont | teeth attached to the lingual side of jaw (e.g. sharks) |
| acrodont | teeth anchored to fibrous connective tissue in the crest of the jaw (e.g. some reptiles) |
| thecodont | teeth anchored into sockets by a root |
| 3 functions of the pharynx | 1) food gathering 2) respiration 3) gives rise to different structures (many of which have to do with respiration) |
| pharynx pouch 2 becomes | the spiracle |
| the dorsal part of pharynx pouches 3,6,7 give rise to | the tonsils |
| dorsal 4 and 5 pharynx pouches give rise to | the parathyroids |
| ventral part of pharynx pouch 4 gives rise to | the thymus |
| ventral portion of pharynx pouch 6 becomes | the carotid body and aortic body |
| ventral portion of pharynx pouch 3 becomes | the carotid body |
| the ventral portion of pharynx pouch 7 becomes | post branchial bodies with an unknown function |
| thyroid gland is | a mid-ventral evagination from the pharynx. it produces thyroxin which regulates metabolism |
| acoelus | no body cvity (e.g. flatworm) |
| pseudocoelus | false body cavity partially lined by ectoderm (e.g. annelids) |
| coelemates | have body cavity |
| eucoelemates | true body cavity lined with mesoderm |
| in mammals, the oblique septum muscularizes to become | the diaphragm |
| kidneys are retroperitineal | which means they are outside the body cavity |
| remnants of the ventral mesentary can be found in these 4 places | 1) ventral medistinal septum 2) falciform ligament (liver diaphragm) 3) lesseromentum 4) suspensory ligament (bladder to rectum) |
| primary mouth | protostomes |
| secondary mouth | echinoderms and hemichordates |
| tertiary mouth | all other chordates |
| examples of filter feeders | amphioxus and protochordates |
| examples of suction feeders | most fish |
| inertial feeders | hold food in mouth and move ahead (e.g. reptiles) |
| pleurisy | an inflammation of the layered membrane surrounding the lungs, causing pain during breathing |
| peritonitis | inflammation of the peritoneum, a layer that lines most of the abdomen and abdominal organs |
| dressler's syndrome | a secondary form of pericarditis |
| Single circulation | found in fish mostly. blood has one pathway going from heart to systemic capillaries to gills and back to the heart |
| double circulation | found in humans and other animals. blood passes through the heart twice before completing one route throughout the body.This places the lungs and systemic tissues in separate cicruits that are parallel to one another |
| erythrocytes | red blood cells formed partially in the bone marrow, spleen, liver and kidney. their average lifetime is 3-4 weeks |
| platelets | clotting agents found in blood plasma that are made of fibrinogen |
| monocytes | are agranular macrophages that are produced in the bone marrow and leave the blood stream in approximately 24 hours. They phagocytize and act as scavengers of dead material |
| basophil & neutrophil | formed in the spleen and bone marrow. Their main job is phagocytosis |
| lymphocytes | are agranular and produced in lymphatic tissue. they produce antibodies |
| Kufter cells | cells in the sinew of the liver that remove all blood elements from circulation and clean the blood by removing dead blood cells |
| post cava | made of 6 fused blood vessels. |
| the subintestinal vein evolves into | the hepatic portal vein |
| 2 steps to increase circulation to the gill lamella | 1) formation of the afferent and the efferent 2) formation of the collector loops |
Created by:
ESPOLADE
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