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Ch.17VIRUSES

(Adv. Bio) Ch. 17 Viruses, Bacteria and Protists Review

QuestionAnswer
Animal virus which contains RNA and goes through a DNA synthesis stage... Retrovirus
Assembly of viral components within a host cell... Maturation
Immediate viral reproduction cycle... Lytic cycle
Incorporation of viral DNA into host DNA... Integration
Infectious proteinaceous particle... Prion
Latent viral reproduction cycle... Lysogenic cycle
Naked strand of RNA; infectious... Viroid
Noncellular, nonliving particles about 1/5 size of a bacterium... Virus
Viral components are synthesized... Biosynthesis
Viral DNA in its latent stage... Prophage
Virus that infects and reproduces in a bacterium... Bacteriophage
Outer unit of a virus composed of protein subunits... Capsid
There are two types of ___; bacteria and archaea... Prokaryotes
Show, in 1850, disproved the theory of spontaneous generation by show that sterilized broth cannot become cloudy with bacterial growth unless exposed to air where bacteria was abundant... Louis Pasteur
Cell-like structures complete with an outer membrane and may have resulted from the self-assembly of macromolecules and eventually gave rise to cellular life... Protocells
Area of a bacterial cell that it's chromosome is found... Nucleoid
Small, circular chromosome found in a bacterial cell... Plasmid
Bacterial cell walls are strengthened by a complex of polysaccharides linked by amino acids called... Peptidoglycan
Occurs when a bacterium picks up free pieces of DNA from their surroundings that have been secreted by live prokaryotes or released by dead ones... Transformation
Some bacteria are ___, forming a harmful relationship with one or more partners in which the bacterium benefits but the other organism suffers... Parasitic
Biological cleanup of an environment that contais harmful chemicals called pollutants... Bioremediation
Biological macromolecules produced by living cells... Biotic synthesis
Capable of surviving in very extreme environments... Archaea
How the first macromolecules on earth must have formed... Abiotic synthesis
Likely the first cells on earth... Prokaryotes
Most diverse and prevalent organisms on earth... Bacteria
Rod shaped bacteria... Bacillus
Spherical bacteria... Coccus
Spiral shaped bacteria... Spirilla
DNA passed between cells across a pilus... Conjugation
Bacterial DNA is carried from one cell to another by a bacteriophage... Transduction
Cells with a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles... Eukaryotes
Extremophiles that thrive in anaerobic environments... Methanogens
Extremophiles that thrive in high salinity environments... Halophiles
Extremophiles that thrive in hot and acidic environments... Thermoacidophiles
Cause disease by causing normal proteins to change shape and malfunction... Prions
Enzyme unique to retroviruses... Reverse transcriptase
Primary producers near deep-sea vents... Chemoautotrophs
Unicellular, golden-brown algae with a silica shell... Diatoms
Slime molds and water molds are ___, breaking down already dead material and releasing those nutrients into the environment... Decomposers
Represent the oldest lineage of oxygenic organisms... Cyanobacteria
Study of viruses... Virology
A virus requires this in order to reproduce... Host cell
Virus that reproduces within a bacterium... Bacteriophage
Plant viruses often enter through damaged tissue and then move about the plant using the ___... Plasmodesmata
Causes cold sores and chickenpox in humans and is a good example of a latent virus... Herpes virus
Causative agent of a disease that only recently has infected large numbers of people... Emerging virus
More stable form of nucleic acid... Deoxyribonucleic acid
Gel-like coating outside a cell wall that is common in bacterial cells living in diverse environments... Capsule
May be present between two bacterial cells allowing the transfer of DNA from one to the other... Conjugation pilus
Bacteria that send enzymes into the environment and decompose almost any large organic molecule to smaller ones that are absorbable... Saprotrophs
Cell targeted by a virus... Host cell
Chemosynthesizers... Chemoautotrophs
Heavy, protective coating surrounding a portion of dehydrated bacterial cytoplasm and a copy of the chromosome... Endospore
Microbes that can cause disease... Pathogens
Supported by the double membranes around mitochondria and chloroplasts... Endosymbiont theory
Uicellular diatoms, algae, dinoflagellates, ciliates, etc Protists
Chemical compound that composes the cell membrane of archaea... Polysaccharides
Emerging viruses may have acquired new virulence factors or ___ factors may have encouraged their spread to an increased number of hosts in a relatively short period of time... Environmental
Aim to prevent viral infections... Vaccines
Used to treat bacterial infections... Antibiotics
Side-effect of using antibiotics too frequently... Antibiotic resistance
Created by: SavannahElkins
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