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DNA Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Chargoff | Scientist who determined the rules for the pairing of bases in DNA |
| Rosalind Franklin | scientist who used x-rays to determine that DNA was a helix |
| Watson and Crick | pair of scientists who determined the 3D structure of DNA |
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid; the nucleic acid that carries instructions for making proteins |
| Nucleotide | the building blocks of DNA and RNA ; composed of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base |
| Deoxyribose | the sugar that helps to make up the nucleotides of DNA |
| Double Helix | a twisted ladder; describes the structure of DNA |
| Adenine | a nitrogen base found in DNA and RNA; abbreviated A |
| Cytosine | a nitrogen base found in DNA and RNA; abbreviated C |
| Guanine | a nitrogen base found in DNA and RNA; abbreviated G |
| Thymine | a nitrogen base found in only DNA; abbreviated T |
| Replication | the process of creating an exact copy of DNA |
| Complementary Strand of DNA | the strand of DNA that matches the original strand of DNA during replication |
| Genetic Code | information carried from generation to generation by DNA |
| RNA | the nucleic acid responsible |
| Ribose | the sugar that helps to make up nucleotides of RNA |
| Uracil | a nitrogen base found only found in RNA; abbreviated U |
| mRNA | messenger RNA; carries information from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm |
| tRNA | transfer RNA; carries the amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosomes |
| rRNA | ribosomal RNA; helps to assemble the amino acids into proteins |
| Codon | found in mRNA; a three letter code that determines the amino acids that will make up a protein |
| Anti Codon | found on tRNA; a three letter complement that allows the amino acids to bond in the correct sequence |
| Transcription | occurs in the nucleus; the process of creating mRNA from from DNA |
| Translation | occurs in the cytoplasm; the process of creating a protein from RNA |
| Mutation | a mistake or change in the DNA sequence ; can be harmful or beneficial |
| Chromosomal Mutation | a type of mutation that involves all or part of a chromosome being changed |
| Insertion | a type of mutation in which a base is added to a DNA sequence |
| Deletion | a type of mutation in which a base is removed from a DNA sequence |
| Genetic Engineering | manipulation of genes to achieve desired traits in individuals |
Created by:
2015jonesm
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