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Ch.11 VOCAB
vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| gene pool | collection of alleles found in all of the individuals of a population |
| allele frequency | measure of how common a certain allele is in the population |
| normal distribution | distribution in a populatio where allele freq is highest near the mean and decreases progressivly toward each extreme |
| microevolution | obserable change in the allele freqs of a population over a few generations |
| directional selection | pathway of natural selection in which one uncommonm phenotype is selected over a more common phenotype |
| stabalizing selection | pathway of natural selection where intermediate phenotypes are selected over phenotypes at both extremes |
| disruptive selection | pathay of nateral selction where 2 opposite, but equally uncommon, phenotypes are seleceted over the most common phenotype |
| gene flow | physical movement of alleles from one population to another |
| genetic drift | change in allele freqs due to chance alone, occuring most commonly in small populations |
| bottleneck effect | genetic drift that results from an event that drastically reduces the size of a population |
| founder effect | genetic drift that occurs after a small # of individuals colonize a new area |
| sexual selection | selection where certain traits enhance mating sucess, traits are therefore passed onto offspring |
| Hardy-Weinburg equallibrium | condition where a population's allele freqs for a given trait do not change from generation to generation |
| reproductive isolation | 2 populations unable to reproduce anymore |
| speciation | evolution of 2+ species from 1 ancestral species |
| behavioral isolation | due to differences in courtship/mating behavior (ex: one bird calls/sings to attract a mate, other bird shows its bright colors to attract a mate) |
| geographic isolation | due to physical barriers (ex: highway) |
| temporal isolation | due to time barriers (ex: diff mating periods) |
| convergent evolution | evolution torwards similar characteristics in unrelated species, resulting from adaptions to similar environmental conditions |
| divergent evolution | evolution of 1+ closly related species into diff species, resulting from adaptions to diff environmental conditions |
| coevolution | process in which 2+ species evolve in response to changes in each other |
| extinction | elimination of a species from earth |
| punctuated equillibrium | theory that staes that speciation occurs suddenly and rapidly followed by long periods of little evolutionary change |
| adaptive radiation | process by which one species evolves and gives rise to many descendant species that occupy diff ecological niches |
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