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DNA/Protein - JMR

DNA/Protein Synthesis

TermDefinition
DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid; The nucleic acid that carries instructions for making proteins.
Double Helix A twisted ladder; describes the structure of DNA.
Nucleotide
Genetic Code
RNA The nucleic acid responsible for building proteins.
mRNA Messenger RNA; carries information from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
tRNA Transfer RNA; carries the amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosomes.
Adenine A nitrogen base found in DNA and RNA; abbreviation "A".
Thymine A nitrogen based found only in DNA; abbreviation "T".
Guanine
Cytosine
Uracil
Deoxyribose
Ribose
Codon Found on mRNA; a 3 letter code that determines the amino acids that will make up a protein.
Anticodon
Mutation A mistake or change in the DNA sequence; can be harmful or beneficial.
Recombination
Insertion
Deletion
Chromosomal Mutations A type of mutation that involves all or part of a Chromosome being changed.
Replication The process of creating an exact copy of DNA.
Transcription Occurs in the nucleus; the process of creating mRNA from DNA.
Translation Occurs in the Cytoplasm; the process of creating a protein form mRNA.
Complimentary strand of DNA The strand of DNA that "matches" the original strand of DNA during replication.
Cloning
Human Genome Project Scientific research project whose goal is to determine the exact sequence of base pairs in DNA and "map" the 20-25,000 genes in the human body.
Genetic Engineering Manipulation of genes to achieve desired traits in individuals.
Forensic Identification
Watson & Crick
Franklin
Chargoff
Created by: joshuariley1996
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