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ecology definitions
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Biotic | Living things, such as plants, animals, fungi, and bacteria |
| Abiotic | Nonliving factor in ecosystem |
| Producer | Organism that obtains its energy from abiotic sources |
| Primary Consumer | Herbivores because they r first consumer above trophic level |
| Secondary Consumer | Carnivores, eat herbivores |
| Tertiary Consumer | Carnivores that eat secondary consumers |
| Herbivore | organisms that eat only plants |
| Carnivore | eat only animals |
| Omnivore | eat plants and animals |
| Detritivore | eat detritus or dead organic matter |
| Decomposer | detritivores that break down organic matter into simpler compounds |
| Generalist | consumers that have varying diets dont rely on single food source |
| Specialist | consumer that primarily eats 1 specific organism or feeds on very small number of organisms |
| Autotrophic | get energy from nonliving resources make own food |
| Heterotrophic | get energy by eating other living or once living resources such as plants and animals |
| Keystone Species | species that has an unusually large effect on its ecosystems |
| Natural Selections | mechanism by which individuals that have inherited veneficial adaptations produce more offspring on average than do other individuals |
| Adaptation | inherited trait that is selected for overtime because it allows organisms to better survive in their environment |
| Niche | all physical, chemical, and biological factors that species need to survive, stay healthy and reproduce |
| Competition | ecolofical relationship in which two organisms attempt to obtain the same resource |
| Predation | process by which one organism hunts and kills another organism for food |
| Symbiosis | ecological relationship between memers of at least 2 different species that libe in direct contact with one another |
| Parasite | species that directly harms a host |
| Host | organism fed on by parasite |
| Mutualism | ecological relationsjip between two spevies in which each species gets a benefit from the interaction |
| Commensalism | ecological relationship in which one species recieves a venefit but the oter species is not affected one way or another |
| Parasitism | ecological relationship in which one organism benefits by harming another organism |
| Habitat | combined biotic and aviotic factors found in the area where an organism lives |
| Competitive exculsion | theory that states that no two spevies can occupy the same niche at the same time |
| ecological equivalent | organisms that share a similar niche but live in different geographical regions |
| Population Density | measure of individuals living in a defines area |
| Population Dispersion | way in which individuals of a population are spread out over an area or volume |
| Survivorship Curve | graph showing the surviving memvers of ech age group of a population over time |
| Immigration | movement of individuals INTO a population |
| Emigration | mocement of individuals OUT of a population |
| Exponential growth | dramtic increase in population over a short period of time |
| Logistic Growth | population growth that is characterized by a period of slow growth, followed by a period of exponential growht, followed by a period of almost no growth |
| Carrying Capacity | number of individuals that the resources of an environment can normally and persistently support |
| Population crash | dramatic decline in the size of a population over a short period of time |
| Limiting factor | environmental factor that limits the growth and size of a population |
| density-dependent limiting factor | environmental resistnace that affects a population that has become overly crowded |
| density-independent limiting factor | environmental resistance that affects a population regardless of population density |
| succession | sequence of biotic changes that regenerate a damged community or start a community in a previously uninhavited are |
| primary succesion | establishment and development of an ecosysten in an area that was previously uninhavited |
| pioneer species | first to live in new ecosystem |
| secondary succession | reestablishment of a damged ecosystem in an area where the soil was left intact |
| who is the awesomest person ever? | Jordan McElroy |
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