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DNA to proteins

Chapter 8 DNA, RNA, transcription and translation

QuestionAnswer
nucleotide the monomer that makes up the DNA molecule
deoxyribose the sugar in the DNA nucleotide
pyrimidine nitrogen containing base with one ring of carbon: thymine and cytosine are examples
purine nitrogen containing base with two rings of carbon: adenine and guanine are examples
Rosalind Franklin produce X-ray photographs of the DNA molecule.
Watson and Crick developed the 3-D model of the structure of the DNA molecule
double helix two strands of DNA wind around each other like a twisted ladder
base pairing rule adenine pairs with thymine and cytosine pairs with guanine
replication the process in which DNA makes a copy of itself
S cycle the phase of the cell cycle where replication occurs
DNA polymerases enzymes the bond the DNA nucleotides together to make a replicated strand of DNA.
central dogma of molecular biology information flows in one direction, from DNA to RNA
transcription converts a DNA message (gene) into an RNA molecule
translation interprets the RNA message into a string of amino acids (polypeptide) to make a protein
RNA nucleic acid that has ribose as a sugar, uracil instead of thymine, and is a single strand
RNA polymerase enzymes that build RNA molecules from a piece of DNA
messenger RNA (mRNA) is created in the nucleus using part of the DNA molecule to begin the process of creating a protein
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) forms part of the ribosome where proteins are built
transfer RNA (tRNA) brings amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosome to connect them in the correct sequence to produce a protein.
codon a sequence of 3 nucleotides that codes for an amino acid
anticodon a set of 3 nucleotides that is complementary to an mRNA codon
stop codon signals the end of an amino acid chain
start codon signals the beginning of an amino acid
Created by: asidell
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