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Phlebotomy
Phlebotomy 115 Week 7
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Specimen Labeling | Patient's Name, Patien ID #, Date, Time of Collection, Type of Specimen, Attending Physicians Name |
| Specimen Labeling | Never on the Lid |
| Routine Urinalysis | Determining the status of the kidneys and their function |
| Part 1 of Urinalysis | Physical Analysis |
| Physical Analysis | Color |
| Physical Analysis | Transparency (vs. cloudiness) |
| Physical Analysis | Concentration through specific gravity |
| Specfic Gravity | Concentration or # of particles when compared to deionized water |
| Specific Gravity - deionized water | 1.000 |
| Specific Gravity - Normal Urine | 1.005 - 1.030 |
| Part 2 of Urinaysis | Chemical Analysis |
| Urine Odor | Normal |
| Foul, pungent odor | Bacterial infection |
| Fruity Odor | Keytones |
| Yellow/straw color | Normal/urochrome |
| Red or brownish or pinkish color | Blood or "hematuria" |
| Brown or Black color | Caused by the acid reacting to hemoglobin or melanin (advanced cases of melanoma) |
| Gold or yellowish-brown color | Suspec bilirubin - usually due to liver damage and/or hepatitis |
| Protein in Urine | Kidney disease |
| Protein in Urine | Prolonged exercise |
| Protein in Urine | Chemical poisoning |
| Protein in Urine | Prolonged Exercies |
| Hemoglobin in Urine | Kidney disease |
| Hemoglobin in Urine | Severe burns |
| Hemoglobin in Urine | Chemical poisoning |
| Bilirubin in Urine | Liver disease |
| Bilirubin in Urine | Obstructive Jaundice |
| Glucose in Urine | Diabetes mellitus |
| Leukocytes in Urine | Infection of the kidney |
| Leukocytes in Urine | Infection of the urinary bladder |
| Leukocytes in the Urine | Infection of the urethra |
| Keytone bodies in the Urine | Diabetes mellitus |
| Keytone bodies in the Urine | Starvation |
| Not a CLIA waved test | Microscopic Analysis |
| Chemical Anlysis | Using a plastic reagent strip, impregnated with chemicals. |
| Chemical Analysis | Tests for hemoglobin, glucose, protein, keytones, WBC's, bilirubin, and PH can be performed |
| Chemical Analysis | Reagent strips can have from 2-10 tests on them, depending on the need |
| Part 3 of Urinalysis | Microscopic analysis |
| Microscopic Analysis | Cellular material such as WBC's, RBC's and casts |
| Microscopic Analysis | Bacteria |
| Microscopic Anlysis | Trichomonas vaginalis (a parasite) |
| Microscopic Analysis | Sperm |
| Microscopic Analysis | Renal and epithelial cells |
| Microscopic Analysis | Various crystals |
| Microscopic Analysis | Yeast |
| Cast | Protein |
| Urine Collection | Random |
| Urine Collection | First Morning |
| Urine Collection | 24 hour |
| Urine Collection | Mid-stream clean catch |
| Urine Transportation | Should be transportated to lab within 1 hour of collection |
| Mid-stream clean catch | Used for Urine C&S |
| Urine C&S | Goes to microbiology |
| 24 hour urine collection | Measures kidney function |
| First Morning | Most concentrated, good for things like pregnancy tests looking for HCG hormone |
| CSF - Cerebrospinal Fluid | Done with a canula from a lumbar puncture |
| CSF - Cerebrospinal Fluid | Meningitis |
| CSF - Cerebrospinal Fluid | Encephalitis |
| CSF - Cereboralspinal Fluid | Total protein |
| CSF - Cereboralspinal Fluid | Glucose |
| CSF - Cereboralspinal Fluid | Cell count |
| CSF - Cereboralspina Fluid | Culture for microbial organisms |
| CSF - Cereboralspinal Fluid | Cryptoccus neoformans (a yeast) and cryptoccan antigens |
| CSF - Cerebrospinal Fluid | Shoul be at room temperature |
| CSF - Cerebrospinal Fluid | Collected in 3 sterile tubes |
| CSF - Cerebrospinal Fluid | Tube 1 goes to chemistry or serology |
| CSF - Cerebrospinal Fluid | Tube 2 goes to Microbology |
| CSF - Cereboralspinal Fluid | Tube goes to Cytology and/or microbology |
| Fecal Specimens | Parasites, also called O&P or ova and parasites |
| Fecal Specimens | Enteric disorders such as salmonella, shigella, and campylobacter pylori |
| Fecal Specimens | Viral disease |
| Fecal Specimens | Colo-rectal cancer (occult blood) |
| Fecal Specimens | Should be transported immediately |
| Fecal Specimens | Specimens should be a room temperature |
| Seminal Fluid | Fertility Analysis |
| Seminal Fluid | Post vacectomy check done at 10 & 14 weeks |
| Seminal Fluid | Should be transported to lab within 30 minutes |
| Pericardial Fluid | Cancers |
| Synovial Fluid | Crystals |
| Pleural Fluid | Cancers |
| Throat Cultures | Must stay moist in transport |
| Throat Cultures | Usually for strep |
| Throat Cultures | Microbiology |
| Wound Cultures | Microbiology |
| Urine Cultures | Microbiology |
| Fecal Cultures | Microbiology |
| Ear or Eye Cultures | Microbiology |
| Skin Scrapings | Microbiology |
| Normal fresh urine | 5.0 to 8.0 pH |
| Protein or Albumin (proteinuria) | Can indicate renal disease or urinary tract infection (also called UT) |
| Glucose (glycosuri or glucosuria) | Presence means the blood levels exceeds the renal threshold and is "spilling" into the urine |
| Keytone (keytonuria) | Indicates that the body is metabolizing fats incompletely and is under severe stress (starvation, fasting, diabetes) |
| Bilirubin | Byproductof hemoglobin breakdown in the liver, presence in the urine indicates liver damage, bile duct obstruction, hemolytic diseace of the newborn, alergic reactions (anaphylatic shock), or hepatitis |
| Blood (hematria) | Can be caused by infection, trauma to the kidneys or other urinary organs, kidney stones causing damage |
| Urobilinogen | This is a degradation podruct of bilirubin. It is elevated in cases of hepatic disease of hemolytic disease |
| Nitrates | Indicates the presence of a "nitrate producing" bacteria - usually Eschericia coli |
| Leukocyte Esterase (White Blood Cells) | Bacterial Infection (UTI) |
Created by:
Adwa
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