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Define nerve cord
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How is the nerve cord different in a chordate from other animals?
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BL-CH24- Vertebrates

Chapter 24, Animal Diversity Study Guide

QuestionAnswer
Define nerve cord a major nervous pathway consisting of a cord of nervous tissue extending lengthwise through the body, paired in many invertebrates and unpaired in chordates
How is the nerve cord different in a chordate from other animals?
Define notochord a stiff, but somewhat flexible, supportive rod that extends along the head-to-tail axis and is found in all members of the phylum Chordata at some stage of development
What is the purpose of the notochord?
Define post-anal tail a tail that extends beyond the anus, and contains muscle tissue and the most posterior part of the nerve cord; found in all chordates at some stage of development
What are the four features that all chordates possess at some stage of their lives?
What three clades make up chordates?
What are the major characteristics of lancelets?
What are the major characteristics ot tunicates?
Define Craniates an animal that has a skull
Define cartilage a form of connective tissue that forms portions of the skeleton; consists of chondrocytes abd their extracellular secretion of collagen
What does the group "craniates" include today?
Define vertebrates an animal that has a vertebral column
Define vertebral column a column of serially arranged skeletal units (the vertebrae) that enclose the nerve cord in vertebrates; the backbone
What do hagfishes and lampreys lack?
What are the major characteristics of hagfishes?
What is the purpose of a vertebral column?
How is a vertebral column an advantage?
What are the major group of vertebrates?
What are the major characteristics of a lamprey?
What species do cartilaginous fishes include?
Where is the most diversity of vertebrates found?
Why is it said that amphibians lead a "double life"?
Why must amphibians remain close to the water? Name two reasons.
What are the two species that are the most diverse groups of amphibians?
What is the differnce between frogs and toads?
What are the characteristics of a salamander?
What is a special quality of salamanders?
What are the Caecilians?
What does the group reptile include?
What are the three adaptations of reptiles to be on land?
Define amniotic egg. the egg of reptiles, including birds; contains a membrane, the amnion, that surrounds the embryo, enclosing it in a watery environment and allowing the egg to be laid on dry land
Define Amnion one of the embryonic membranes of reptiles (including birds) and mammals; encloses a fluid-filled cavity that envelops the embryo
What characteristics make alligators and crocodiles adapted for life in water?
What protects turtles fom predators and the environment?
What is evidence of birds sharing ancestry with reptiles?
What adaptations give birds the ability to fly?
Define mammary glands. a milk-producing gland used by female mammals to nourish their young
What are mammals named for?
What are the advantages of a highly developed brain?
What are the three main evolutionary lineages?
Define monotremes. a member of the clade Monotrematata, which includes mammals that lay eggs; platypuses and spiny anteaters are monotremes
What are the two species of monotremes?
What is the only group of mammals that does not develop embryos?
Define placenta. in mammals, a structure formed by a complex interweaving of the uterine lining and the embryonic membranes, especially the chorion
Define marsupials. a clade which includes mammals whose young are born at an extremely immature stage and undergo further development in a pouch where they remain attached to a mammary gland; kangaroos, oppossums, and marsupials
Define placental. reffering to a mammal possessing a complex placenta (not marsupials or monotremes)
What is the largest group of placental mammals?
In what stage does a tunicate move?
What adaptations are an advantage for vertebrates?
What groups have two-chambered hearts? Four-chambered hearts?
Created by: saskurja
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