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med immunology 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How many Ig and TCRs are generated by an individual? | Ranges between 1000 trillion(10^15) to 1,000000 trillion(10^18). |
| How many functional genes does a human genome have? | about 20000-25000. |
| The Ig and TCR are made of ________ which are made by genes via ________ and ________. | protein, transcription, translation |
| The variable and constant regions of an Ig molecule are coded by _________ set of genes and ________ chromosome. | different |
| Because of the separation of genes coded for V and C, what phenomena can occur to cause flexibility of Ig production? List 3. | Genetic rearrangement, recombination, mutation |
| During ___________, the V region genes can move from one chromosome to another and combine with single _________. | fetal differentiation, C region gene |
| List 2 types of light protein chains. | kappa and lambda |
| What are 2 functional domains of 2 types of light protein chains? | variable region(VL) and constant region(CL) |
| The VL consists of approximately ______ amino acids. | 108 |
| Name 2 gene segments of VL? | variable segment(V) and joining segment(J) |
| The V segment is about _______ amino acid and the J segment about ______ amino acid long. | 95, 13 |
| The V gene and one J gene are brought together in the ______________ to produce ___________. | genetic rearragement, VJ recombination |
| After VJ recombination is formed, what will happen? | VJ gene unit combines with constant gene region and form a VJC recombination and make the entire light chain. |
| D stands for ___________ | Diversity gene |
| VJ or VDJ genetic recombinations catalyzed by _____________. | enzyme VJ recombinase or enzyme VDJ recombinase |
| Which chromosome has genes for the Lk chain? | Chromosome 2 |
| How many different Vk genes are there? | 40 |
| How many amino acids long polypeptide chain is made by each Vk gene? | 95 |
| How many different Jk genes are there? | 5 |
| How many amino acids long polypeptide chain is made by each Jk gene? | 13 |
| The total length of the variable light chain is _________ amino acids. | 108 |
| How many Ck gene combines with Lk gene unit? | 1 |
| Which chromosome has genes for L lambda chain? | chromosome 22 |
| How many genes consist V lambda genes? | 30 |
| How many genes consist J lambda genes? | 4 |
| How many Clambda genes are there? | 4 |
| Which chromosome has genes for heavy chains? | Chromosome 14 |
| What are 3 variable regions of heavy chain? | VH, DH, JH |
| How many genes does VH have? | 50 |
| How many genes does DH have? | 20 |
| How many genes does JH have? | 6 |
| There are ______ varieties and diversity in VH chains compared to VL chains. | more |
| The reason why VH chains have more varieties and diversity than VL chains are: 1) more genes invoved in the formation of VH chains increase ____________ and _________. 2)_____________ of introns and exons of mRNA | rearrangements, recombinations, alternative splicing |
| The fetal B cells only use either the genes of maternal or paternal chromosomes to make untiboty. This phenomenon is called ____________. | allelic exclusion |
| _____________ guarantees that the differentiating B cell to produce the necessary Ig. When genes of either of maternal or paternal chromosome fails to produce the chain, the other one takes over. | Allelic exclusion |
| Any differentiating B cell can switch its antbody production to make different isotypes. This is called _________. | class switching |
| What 4 phenomena increase Ab production diversity? | allelic exclusion, class switching, combinatorial association, somatic hypermutaion |
| There is a tremendous amount of diversity in combining the VL and VH genes, this is called ___________. | Combinatorial association |
| How many kappa light chains can be formed? | 40Vk*5Jk=200Lk |
| How many lambda light chain can be formed? | 30Vlambda*4Jlambda=120Llambda |
| How many heavy chains can be formed? | 50VH*20D*6J=6000heavy chains |
| How many Fab of kappa version are produced? | 200Lk*6000H=1,200,000Fab of kappa version |
| How many Fab of lambda version are produced? | 120Llambda*6000=720,000Fab of lambda version |
| the rate of __________ in the VL and VH genes is about 10000 times higher than a normal cell. | mutation |
| What kind of mutation occurs in VH and VH genes? | point mutations that replaces one amino acid with another |
Created by:
hiroko lucky2
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