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Evolution (Biology)

TermDefinition
Charles Lyell Doctrine of uniformitarianism; early 1800's
Jean Lamark 1809; coined term "evolution"; was wrong about passing traits from parent to offspring (ex: giraffes passing long necks; humans passing muscle size)
Thomas Malthus Essay on the Principle of Population; population increases geometrically; food supply at best increases arithmetically
Alfred Russel Wallace Paper on natural selection sparked Darwin
Charles Darwin Book "Origin of Species" Nov. 1859; Voyage to galapagos islands, read essay and book, many observations; natural selection
Others refine and gather support evidence
evolution change over time
natural selection organisms with best adaptation breed; show up in offspring
Radiometric Dating estimate approximate rock age
Radioisotopes gradually decay at constant rate (half-life)
Macroevolution Large scale changes among groups of species
Microevolution changes that occur within species over time
mutation heritable change in DNA
Element of Natural Selection 1) All species have genetic variation
Element of Natural Selection 3) Organisms tend to produce more offspring than their environment can support; thus, individuals of a species often compete with one another to survive
Element of Natural Selection 2) The environment presents many different challenges to an individual's ability to reproduce.
Element of Natural Selection 4) Individuals within a population that are better able to cope with the challenges of their environment tend to leave more offspring than those less suited to the environment.
Element of Natural Selection 5) The traits of the individuals best suited to a particular environment tend to increase in a population over time.
Speciation Process of a new species forming
Geographic Isolation Separated by land; major cause of speciation
Reproductive Isolation Leads to ecological races; major cause of speciation
Created by: 100001740098594
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