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Artic 1st Exam
Articulation class, terms and easy first exam stuff
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Allophone | variant production of a phoneme |
| Articulation | modification of the airstream by the speech organs in production of spoken language |
| Coarticulation | an articulatory process whereby individual phonemes overlap one another due to timing constraints and ease of production |
| Cognates | phonemes that differ only in voicing |
| Comorbidity | multiple communication problems |
| Cononical babbling | reduplicated babbling |
| Consonants | produced by vocal tract constrictions that modify the breath stream coming from the larynx (place, voice, and manner) |
| Distinctive features | a set of binary features designed to describe the phonemes in all languages of the world |
| intelligibility | the single most practical measurement of oral communication |
| Manner | the way in which the airstream is modified as is passes through the vocal tract in production of consonants |
| marked | sounds that are difficult to pronounce or perceive |
| morpheme | the smallest unit of language capable of carrying meaning |
| obstruents | a class of sounds including the stops, fricatives, and affricates; also referred to as non-resonant consonants; produced with a constriction in the oral cavity that results in turbulence in the airstream coming from the larynx |
| phoneme | a speech sound capable of differentiating morphemes |
| phonetics | the study of the speech sounds, their acoustic and perceptual characteristics and how they are produce by the speech organs |
| phonological awareness | the ability to reflect on and manipulate the structure of an utterance as distinct from its meaning and is essential for the development of reading and spelling |
| phonological process | simplifications used by children not capable of producing adult speech patterns |
| phonology | the systematic organization of speech sounds in the production of language; the study of the linguistic rules that specify the manner in which phonemes are organized and combined into syllables, words, and sentences |
| Place | refers the the specific articulators employed in the production of a particular phoneme; the location of the constriction in the vocal tract in production of a consonant |
| sonorants | a class of sounds produced with resonance throughout the entire vocal tract (not as much airstream coming from the larynx) |
| suprasegmentals | a feature of speech production, such as stress, intonation, and timing, which transcends the phonemic level |
| unmarked | sounds that are easier and more natural |
| vowels | a phoneme produced without any appreciable blockage of airflow in the vocal tract (tongue advancement, height, and lip rounding) |
| diary studies | go day to day recording first words of child, problem is that it is usually parents, so they learn the child's speech from being around the child |
| large-group cross-sectional studies | milestones came from these studies, structure. (problem is sound imitation) |
| longitudinal studies | started to study children that weren't typical along with typical children |
| Natural Phonology | Theory brought about phonological processes |
| Behaviorist Model | Theory brought about reinforcements |
| Generative Phonology | Theory brought about a set of phonological rules |
| Nonlinear Phonology | Theory brought about using established sounds in new syllable shapes |
| Optimality Theory | Theory used to understand typical development of speech |
| Sonority Hypothesis | Theory use to analyze phonemic awareness |
| Phase 1 of SS Acquisition | foundation of speech |
| foundation of speech age level | (0-1) |
| Phase 2 of SS Acquisition | moving from words to speech |
| moving from words to speech age level | (1-2) |
| Phase 3 of SS Acquisition | growth of inventory |
| growth of inventory age level | (2-5) |
| Phase 4 of SS Acquisition | mastery of speech and literacy |
| mastery of speech and literacy age level | (5+) |
| factors that influence SS development | gender, socioeconomic status, concomitant lang. development |
| Organically Based SS disorders | obvious etiology |
| Speech Sound Disorders of Unknown Origin classification systems | possible etiology, psycholinguistic deficit, symptomology |
| psycholinguistic deficit | how things are processed in the brain |
| symptomology | groups by error patterns |
Created by:
Karlynn
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