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Chapter 10 DNA RNA
AHS Biology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| nucleotide | is a sub unit of a nucleic acid, it consists of 3 parts, a five carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base |
| deoxyribose | a five carbon sugar that is a component of DNA nucleotides |
| nitrogenous base | an organic base that is a subunit of a nucleotide in DNA and RNA and contains nitrogen atoms and carbon atoms. |
| purines | are nitrogenous bases that have a double ring of carbon and nitrogen atoms, like A and G |
| pyrimidines | are nitrogenous bases that have a single ring of carbon and nitrogen atoms, like C and T |
| Base Sequence | the order of nitrogenous bases on a chain of DNA |
| Hydrogen bonds | hold together two strands of a DNA molecule |
| Cytosine | bonds with guanine |
| DNA Replication | is the process by which the DNA is copied in a cell before a cell divides. the original double helix separate along the strands |
| Helicase | the enzyme that separates DNA strands |
| Replication Fork | the Y shaped region that is the result when two strands separate |
| DNA Pollymerase | an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of DNA molecules |
| Semi-Conservative Replication | a type of replication when one strand is from the original molecule and one strand is from the new one to produce each new DNA double helix |
| DNA Replication Step 1 | helicase enzymes separates DNA strands |
| DNA Replication Step 2 | DNA Polymerase enzymes add complimentary nucleotides to the original strand |
| DNA Replication Step 3 | DNA Polymerases finish replicating DNA and fall off |
| Prokaryotic Replication | has one circular chromosome |
| Eukaryotic Replication | has a long but not circular chromosome |
| Mutation | a change in a nucleotide sequence in a DNA Molecule, a mistake is made when newly formed DNA differs from the base sequence of original DNA |
| codon | a group of three sequential nitrogen bases of an mRNA molecule |
| translation | the process of converting the genetic code in RNA into the amino acid sequence that makes up a protein |
| anticodon | a region of tRNA consisting of three bases complementary tot he codon of mRNA |
| base-pairing rule | the rule stating that in DNA, cytosine pairs with guanine, and adenine pairs with thymine, and in RNA adenine pairs with uracil |
| genetic code | triplets of nucleotides in mRNA that determine the sequence of amino acids in proteins |
| messenger RNA | the type of RNA that carries genetic information from the nucleus to the ribosomes |
| proteine synthesis | the formation of proteins using information coded on DNA and carried by RNA |
| Replication | the process by which DNA copies itself during when interphase |
| ribosomal RNA | type of RNA found in the ribosome |
| RNA polymerase | the primary transcription enzyme |
| Start codon | the codon AUG which engages a ribosome to start translating an mRNA molecule |
| stop codon | causes the ribosome to stop translating mRNA UAA, UAG, UGA |
| termination signal | a specific sequence of nucleotides that marks the end of a gene in eukaryotes |
| transcription | process in which RNA is made from DNA |
| Transfer RNA (tRNA) | type of RNA that carries amino acids |
| translation | process of converting the genetic code into the amino acid sequence that makes up a protein |
Created by:
tbostwick
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