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6&7 Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Distinguishing charachteristics that are inherited | traits |
| The study of biological inheritance patterens and variation in organisms | genetics |
| The passing of traits from parents to offspring | heredity |
| In the 1800s, --- --- bred thousands of --- plants. | Gregor Mendel; pea |
| Traits are inherited as discrete ---. | units |
| Gregor Mendel discovered ---. | genes |
| Gregor Mendel discovered how... | traits are passed down through generations |
| Mendel studied plant variation in a --- garden. | monestary |
| Why did Mendel choose pea plants? | They reproduce quickly and Mendel could control how they mate |
| Type of organism where ancestors are genetically uniform | purebred |
| What are some characteristics that Mendel followed? | pea shape, pea color, pod shape, pod color, plant height, flower color, and flower position |
| The mating of two organisms | cross |
| Comparison that tells how two or more things relate | ratio |
| What is the law of segregation? | - organisms inherit two copies of each gene; one from each parent - organims donate only one copy of ech gene in their gametes; the 2 copies of each gene segregate during gamete formation |
| Peice of DNA that provides a set of instructions to make a certain protein | gene |
| Specific position on a pair of homologous chromosomes | locus |
| Any of the alternative forms of a gene that may occur at a specific locus | allele |
| - alleles /gene | 2 |
| Two of the same alleles at a specific locus | homozygous |
| Two different alleles at a specific locus | heterozygous |
| All of an organisms genetic material | genome |
| Refers to the genetic makeup of a specific set of genes | genotype |
| Physical characteristics of an individual person | phenotype |
| The allele that is expressed when two different alleles or two of this type of alleles are present | dominant allele |
| The allele that is only expressed when two copies are present | recessive |
| The two alleles separate during --- formation when the --- are separated and distributed to different --- in ---. | gamete; chromosomes; gametes; meiosis |
| A system for predicting all possible genotypes resulting from a cross | punnett square |
| In a punnett square, grid boxes show all possible --- of offspring from those two parents | genotypes |
| How do you find a ratio in a punnett square? | count the number of squares with each genetic combonation |
| Cross between organisms that involves only one pair of contrasting traits | monohybrid cross |
| A cross between an organism with an unknown genotype and an organism with a recessive phenotype | testcross |
| What do the offspring of a testcross show? | Whether the unknown organism is heterozygous or homozygous |
| Crosses that examine the inheritcane of two different traits | dihybrid |
| What type of crosses did Mendel perform? | dihybrid |
| Allele paris seperate from one another during gamete formation | Law of Independent Assortment |
| What is a major advantage of sexual reproduction? | Gives rise to genetic variation within species |
| Prophase I in meiosis results in --- combonations of genes. | new |
| The exchange of chromosome segements between homologous chromosomes during Prophase I of Meiosis I | crossing over |
| The farther apart 2 genes on the same chromosome are, the --- likely that they will be seperated during crossing over. | more |
| Tendency for genes located close together on the same chromosme to be inherited together | genetic linkage |
| The likelihood that something will happen | probability |
| What is the formula for probability? | # of ways an event can occur ---------------------------- # of total possible outcomes |
| Gene expression is related to whether a gene is on --- or --- chromosome. | autosome; sex |
| Sexual reporduction has --- chromsomes. | 2 |
| The chromsomes in sexual reproduction have different --- for each gene and they can produce --- phenotypes. | alleles; different |
| Organism who carries a gene for a certian trait or disease that is not expressed in the phenotype | carrier |
| How do you get a disease that is recessive? | You must have 2 copies of that allele |
| Dominant disorders are --- common than recessive. | less |
| Genes located on the sex chromosomes | sex-linked genes |
| Sex- linked genes have --- pattern of expression from autosomal. | different |
| Males express --- of the alleles on both chromosomes. | all |
| Process in female mammals in which one of the X chromosomes is randomly turned off in each cell. | x chromocome inactivation |
| Y linked genes are only responsible for ---. | gender |
| When a heterozygous phenotype is somewhere between the 2 homozygous phenotypes | incomplete dominance |
| When both traits are fully separted and expressed | codominance |
| In codominace, are the the traits dominant or recessive or both? | both |
| Traits produced by two or more genes | polygenic traits |
| Single epistatic trait interferes with the expression of other genes | albinism |
| Genes & --- interact to determine human traits | environment |
| --- studied fruit flies. | Thomas Hunt Morgan |
| Why did Morgan choose fruit flies? | They grow quick |
| Traits inherited together ( but not every time) | linked traits |
| Linked genes are on --- chromomsome(s). | same |
| Chromsomes must exchange --- --- during meiosis | homologous genes |
| The probabliity that genes will be inherited together is related to the... | distance between them |
| Diagram that shows the relative locations of genes on a chromosome | linkage maps |
| Inheritance of many genes is ---. | complex |
| Basic principles of genetics is --- in all sexually reproducing organisms | same |
| Single- gene traits are --- in human genetics | helpful |
| Several genetic disorders on the - chromsomes | X |
| Males --- have anything to cover up disorders. | dont |
| Females can be ---. | carriers |
| Likelihood of inheriting disorders depends on --- and ---. | sex of child ; which parent carries the allele |
| Chart of the phenotypes and genotypes in a family that is used to determine whether an individual is a carrier | pedigree |
| When enough phenotypes are known, genotypes can be ---. | inferred |
| Autosomal genes show --- patterens on a pedigree than sexual ones. | different |
| If a phenotype is more commmon in males, it is ---. | sex-linked |
| A picture of all of the chromosomes in the cell | karyotype |
| Karyotypes can show --- in chromosomes. | changes |
Created by:
kfran0112
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