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Vocab 9.1

Terms for chapter 9 section 1

QuestionAnswer
genetics the science of heredity and of the mechanism by which traits are passed from parents to offspring
heredity the passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring
trait a genetically determined variant of a characteristic
pollination the transfer of pollen from the male reproductive structures (the anthers) to the tip of a female reproductive structure (the pistil) of a flower in anglosperms or to the oval in gymnosperms
self-pollination the transfer of pollen grains from an anther to a stigma of the same flower or to the stigma of another flower on the same plant
cross-pollination a reproductive process in which pollen from one plant is transferred to the stigma of another plant
true-breeding describes organisms genotypes that are homozygous for a specific trait and thus always produce offspring that will have the same phenotype for that trait
P generation parental generation, the first two individuals that mate in a genetic cross
F1 generation the first genetic offspring obtained from an experimental cross of two organisms
F2 generation the second generation of offspring, obtained from an experimental cross of two organisms; the offspring of the F1 generation
dominant describes the allele that is fully expressed when carried by only one of a pair of homologous chromosomes
recessive describes a trat on an ellele that is expressed only when two recessive alleles for the same characteristic are inherited
law of segregation Mende's law that states that the pair of homologous chromosomes separate in meiosis so that only one pair of chromosomes from each pair is present in each gamete
law of indepenedent assortment the law taht states that genes seperate independently of one another in meiosis
molecular genetics the study of the structure of nucleid acids and the function and regulation of genes
allele one of the alternative forms of a gene that governs a characteristic, such as hair color
Created by: SheaM16
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