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Biology Chapter #5
Quizz
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Membranes are composed of a phospholipid ________ and proteins | bilayer |
| This is aided by ____________ wedged into the bilayer to help keep it liquid at lower temperatures | cholesterol |
| Integrins attach to the extracellular matrix on the outside of the cell as well as span the membrane to attach to the _____________ | cystoskeleton |
| Many membrane proteins function as enzymes, others in signal ____________, while others are important in transport | transduction |
| Because membranes allow some substances to cross or be transported more easily than others, they exhibit selective _______________ | pormeability |
| It is the process in which particles spread out evenly in an available space | diffusion |
| This means that particles diffuse down a concentration __________ | gradient |
| Diffusion across a cell membrane does not require energy, so it is called | passive transport |
| When semipermeable membranes block the diffusion of solutes then water (the _______) will diffuse across the membranes along the H2O concentration gradient. | solvent |
| It is a term that describes the ability of a solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water | tonicity |
| Many organisms are able to maintain water balance within their cells by a process called | osmoregulation |
| These proteins assist in _________ diffusion, a type of passive transport that does NOT require energy | facilitated |
| Some transport proteins function by becoming a ______ tunnel for passage of polar solutes | hydrophilic |
| Cells use ___________ transport to move a solute against its concentration gradient | active |
| It is used to export bulky molecules, such as proteins or polysaccharides | exocytosis |
| It is used to import substances useful to the livelihood of the cell | endocytosis |
| The energy of motion | kinetic |
| Heat, or thermal energy, is kinetic energy associated with the _________ and movement of atoms | vibration |
| Energy transformations within matter are the subject of the field of ___________ | thermodynamics |
| It is the measure of the disorder, or randomness in a system | entropy |
| An __________ reaction is a chemical reaction that releases energy | exergonic |
| An _________ reaction requires an input of energy and yields products rich in potential energy | endergonic |
| Each enzyme has a particular target molecule called | substrate |
| As a result of its shape, the enzyme has an ________ site where the enzyme interacts with the enzyme’s substrate | active |
| Some inhibitors compete for the enzyme’s active site and thus prevent the true substrate from entering the active site These are called ____________ inhibitors | competitive |
| These bind elsewhere on the enzyme and change its shape so that the substrate will no longer fit the active site These are called _____________ inhibitors | non-competitive |
| Often the product of a metabolic pathway can serve as an inhibitor of one enzyme in the pathway, a mechanism called ___________ inhibition | feedback |
Created by:
suebb
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