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Outline 12-1

Vocab WordDefinition
Sex Chromosome Contains the genes the determine the gender. Real Life: Determining Gender
Autosomes Chromosomes that are not directly involved in determining gender.
Sex-linked Trait A trait that is coded for by an allele on a sex chromosome.
Linked Genes Pairs of genes that are inherited together.
Chromosome Map A diagram that shows the linear order of genes on a chromosome.
Germ-cell Mutations A change in an organisms gametes.
Somatic-cell Mutations Take place in body cells.
Lethal Mutations Cause death, ofter before birth.
Deletion The loss of a piece of a chromosome.
Inversion Chromosome segment breaks off.
Translocation A piece of a chromosome breaks off and reattaches to a non-homologous chromosome.
Nondisjunction Chromosome fails to separate from its homologue during meiosis.
Point Mutation A mutation that changes only one small area or one nucleotide in a gene.
Substitution One nucleotide is replaced by another.
Frameshift Mutation A mutation in a DNA chain that occurs when the number of nucleotides inserted or deleted is not a multiple of three, so that every codon beyond the point of insertion or deletion is read incorrectly during translation.
Insertion Mutation The addition of one or more nucleotide base pairs into a genetic sequence. This can often happen in microsatellite regions due to the DNA polymerase slipping.
Created by: pbass97
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