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Bio-ch13

RNA and Protein synthesis

QuestionAnswer
RNA (ribonucleic acid) single-stranded nucleic acid that contains the sugar ribose
Messenger RNA type of RNA that carries instructions for the assembly of amino acids into proteins from DNA to the rest of the cell
ribosomal RNA type of RNA that combines with proteins to form ribosomes
transfer RNA type of RNA that carries each amino acid to a ribosome during protein synthesis
RNA polymerase enzyme that links together the growing chain of RNA nucleotide during transcription using a DNA strand as a template
Transcription synthesis of a RNA molecule from a DNA template
Promoter specific region of a gene where RNA polymerase can bind and begin transcription
Intron sequence of DNA that is not involved in coding for a protein
Exon expressed sequence of DNA; codes for a protein
Polypeptide long chain of amino acids that makes proteins
Genetic code collection of codons of mRNA, each of which directs the incorporation of a particular amino acid into a protein during protein synthesis
Codon group of three nucleotide bases in mRNA that that specify a particular amino acid to be incorporated into a protein
Translation process by which the sequence of bases of an mRNA is converted into the sequence of amino acids of a protein
Anticodon group of three bases on a tRNA molecule that are complementary to the three bases of a codon of mRNA
Gene expression process by which a gene produces its product and the product carries out its function
Mutation change in the genetic material of a cell
Point mutation gene mutation in which a single base pair in DNA has been changed
Frameshift mutation mutation that shifts the "reading frame" of the genetic message by inserting or deleting nucleotides
Mutagen chemical or physical agents in the environment that interact with DNA and may cause a mutation
Polyploidy condition in which an organism has extra sets of chromosomes
Created by: 88031851
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