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Chapter 7 terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| anaerobic | describes a process that does not require oxygen |
| aerobic respiration | the process in which pyruvic acid is broken down and NADH is used to make a large amount of ATP; the part of respirarion that is carried out in the presence of oxygen |
| alcoholic fermentation | the anaerobic process by which yeasts and other microorganisms break down sugars to form carbon dioxide |
| cellular respiration | the process by which cells obtain energy from carbohydrates; atmospheric oxygen combines with glucose to form water ad carbon dioxide |
| fermentation | the breakdown of carbohydrates by enzymes, bacteria, yeasts, or mold in the absence of oxygen |
| glycolysis | the anaerobic breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid, which makes a small amount of energy available to cells in the form of ATP |
| kilocalorie | a unit of enery equal to 1,000 calories |
| lactic acid fermentation | the chemicl breakdown of carbohydrates that produces lactic acid as the main end product |
| pyruvic acid | the three-carbon compound that is produced during glycolysis ad needed for both the aerobic and anaerobic pathways of cellular respiration that follow glycolysis |
| citric acid | a six-carbon compound formed in the Krebs cycle |
| Krebs cycle | a series of biochemical reactions that convert pyruvic acid into carbon dioxide and water; it is the major pathway of oxidation in animal, bacteria, and plant cells, and it releases energy |
| mitochondrial matrix | the fluid that is inside the inner membrane of mitochondrian |
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