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Chapter 7
Section 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the process by which cells obtain energy from carbohydrates; atmospheric oxygen combines with glucose to form water and carbon dioxide | cellular respiration |
| the three-carbon compound that is produced during glycolysis and needed for both the aerobic and anaerobic pathways of cellular respiration that follow glycolysis | pyruvic acid |
| describes a process that does not require oxygen | anaerobic |
| the process in whcih pyruvic acid is broken down and NADH is used to make a large amount of ATP; the part of respiration that is carried out in the presence of oxygen | aerobic respiration |
| the anaerobic breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid, which makes a small amount of energy available to cells in the form of ATP | glycolysis |
| the breakdown of carbohydrates by enzymes, bacteria, yeasts, or mold in the absence of oxygen | fermentation |
| the chemical breakdown of carbohydrates that produces lactic acid as the main end product | lactic acid fermentation |
| the anaerobic process by which yeasts and other microorganisms break down sugars to form carbon dioxide and ethanol | alcoholic fermentation |
| a unit of energy equal to 1,000 calories | kilocalorie |