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B1 Nervous system
Edexcel B1 nervous system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a neurone? | A nerve cell |
| What is CNS? | The central nervous system: the brain AND the spine |
| What is a motor neurone? | A nerve cell connected to a muscle |
| What is a relay neurone? | A nerve cell inside the spine |
| What is a sensory neurone? | A nerve cell connected to a receptor cell |
| What does a neurone send? | Electrical impulses |
| What is the part of a neurone that receives impulses? | Dendrons |
| What is the part of a neurone that seends out impulses? | Axons |
| What type of chemical is insulin? What is its job? | A hormone that tells the body/liver to store glucose |
| What organ is making insulin? | Pancreas |
| What organ is storing glucose? | Liver |
| What is glucose stored as? | Glycogen |
| When is insulin produced/glucose stored? | When the concentration of glucose in the blood is higher than normal |
| What happens to insulin production when the concentration of glucose is lower than normal? | The production of insulin stops |
| What happens when the concentration of glucose is lower than normal? | The production of glucagon starts |
| What is the job of glucagon? | To convert glucagon back to glucose |
| What is the name of chemical messengers in the body? | Hormones |
| What is diabetes? | A condition that makes it difficult for the body to store glucose |
| What is causing type 1 diabetes? | Lack of insulin |
| Who is likely to get type 1 diabetes? | Young people |
| What is causing type 2 diabetes? | The body becomes resistant/does not respond to insulin. |
| Who is most likely to get type 2 diabetes? | Older, overweight people |
| What is the treatment for type 1 diabetes? | Insulin injection after a meal |
| What is the treatment for type 2 diabetes? | Control diet and exercise |
| What happens if there is too much sugar in the blood? | It will be excreted by kidneys in your urine |
| What happens if someone does not have enough sugar in their blood | Fainting/becoming unconscious |
| Describe the reflex arc action when a hand touches a very hot surface | The heat stimulate the pain receptors that send an impulse through the sensory neurone; the impulse is passed on to the relay neurone; the impulse is passed on to both brain AND the motor neurone; the muscles contract and the hand moves away |
| What is the name of the gap between neurones? | Synapse |
| What is the name of the chemicals that goes through the synapse? | Neurotransmitters |
| What is the stimulus when you pick up an object? | Light from the object that goes into your eye |
| Where are the receptor cells when you pick up an object? | On the retina, at the back of your eye |
| State 3 ways for the human body to maintain internal temperature when the outside temperature is below 0C | Vasoconstriction, hair raising, shivering |
| State 2 ways for the human body to maintain internal temperature when the outside temperature is above 37C | Sweating, Vasodilation |
| Explain how vasoconstriction help maintain internal temperature when the outside temperature is below 0C | • blood vessels near the surface of the skin constrict • reduce blood flow to the skin • reduce heat loss via radiation |
| Explain how hair raising help maintain internal temperature when the outside temperature is below 0C | • raises hairs on body to trap a layer of insulating air between cold environment and body surface • reduce heat loss via conduction |
| Explain how shivering help maintain internal temperature when the outside temperature is below 0C | skeletal muscles contract and relax involuntarily; this produces respiratory heat to warm up body |
| Explain how sweating help maintain internal temperature when the outside temperature is above 30C | For water to evaporate, it takes the energy from the body, thus cooling it down |
| Explain how vasodilation help maintain internal temperature when the outside temperature is above 30C | • blood vessels near the surface of the skin dilate (get bigger) • increase blood flow to the skin • increase heat loss via radiation |
| What organ is responsible for sensing the temperature difference between blood and external temperature? | Hypothalamus |
| What is homeostasis? | The process by which the body maintains a STABLE environment INSIDE the body |
| What is negative feedback? | When a condition in the body changes from the normal, this information is sent to a control center. Control centers then instructs effectors, such as glands and muscles, to send a response that reverses the change. |
| What is the myelin sheath? | The layer that insulates the sensory neurone; this insulation reduces loss of electrical signal |
| Describe how an impulse goes from one neurone to another | electrical impulse stimulates the release of a neurotransmitter at the synapse; the neurotransmitter diffuses across the synapse and fits into the receiving neurone; this stimulates an electrical impulse in the receiving neurone |
| What is a synapse? | The gap between two neurones |
Created by:
ursulinebio
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