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Chapter 6 science

science

QuestionAnswer
Gametes An organism's reproductive cells
Binary fission produces identical offspring
Gene segment of DNA that codes for a protein or an RNA molecule
Chromosome Structure made of DNA and associated proteins on which genes are located
Chromatids Two exact copies of a chromosome
Centromere The point where two chromatids are attached
Homologous chromosomes Chromosomes that are similar in size, shape, and genetic content
Diploid A cell that contains two sets of chromosomes
Haploid A cell that contains one set of chromosomes, such as a gamete
Zygote A fertilized egg cell
Autosomes Chromosomes that are not directly involved in determining the gender of an individual
Sex chromosome Contain genes that will determine the sex of the individual
Karyotype A photo of the chromosomes arranged in order and size
XX female chromosomes
XY male chromosomes
Cell cycle A repeating sequence of cellular growth and division during the life of an organism
Five phases of cell cycle 1. First growth phase (G1) 2. Synthesis (S) phase 3. Second growth (G2) phase 4. Mitosis 5. Cytokinesis
First growth phase G1: Cell grows rapidly and carries out its routine functions
Synthesis phase S: A cell's DNA is copied during this phase. At the end of this phase, each individual chromosome consists of two chromatids attached at the centromere.
Second growth phase G2: Preparations are made for the nucleus to divide. Mitochondria and other organelles replicate.
Mitosis The process during cell division in which the nucleus of a cell is divided into two nuclei.
Cytokinesis The process during cell division in which the cytoplasm divides.
Stages of Mitosis 1. Prophase 2. Metaphase 3. Anaphase 4. Telophase
Interphase A cell spends 90% of its time in the first three stages (G1, S, & G2), collectively referred to as ______.
Created by: joeysstuff
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