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A2 Forensics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A person with no ID may be identified by | Fingerprints |
| To identify a person with no fingerprints or ID | Dental records |
| Non coding blocks of DNA ie no genes | INTRONS |
| Coding blocks of DNA ie has genes | EXONS |
| Sequences of repeated bases within introns | STR short tandem repeats |
| All the genes in the human population | GENOME |
| An initial method of quickly identifying a person found dead or unconscious | Check for ID |
| The position of a gene on a chromosome | LOCUS |
| Enzymes that can break up DNA at particular base sequences | RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASES |
| Making multiple copies of very small quantities of DNA | PCR POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION |
| The enzyme that separates the two strands of DNA | DNA POLYMERASE |
| A monomer of DNA | NUCLEOTIDE |
| Three substances initially added to a DNA sample during the PCR | DNA POLYMERASE, DNA PRIMERS, NUCLEOTIDES |
| The three temperatures for the PCR | 95, 55, 70 |
| The method used to separate out the different lengths of DNA fragments | GEL ELECTROPHORESIS |
| The gel used in gel electrophoresis | AGAROSE OR POLYACRYLAMIDE |
| The transfer of DNA fragments to a nylon membrane during gel electrophoresis | SOUTHERN BLOTTING |
| The shape of the cooling graph over time for a body | SIGMOID (S SHAPED) |
| FOUR factors that affect the rate of cooling of a body | BODY SIZE, POSITION, CLOTHING, AIR MOVEMENT, HUMIDITY, SURROUNDING TEMPERATURE |
| Stiffening of muscles after death | RIGOR MORTIS |
| A substance needed to relax muscles, used up after death | ATP |
| The body starts to decompose itself. | AUTOLYSIS |
| The study of insects. | ENTOMOLOGY |
| The length of time that body temperature can be used to assess the time of death. | 24 HOURS AFTER DEATH |
| How long after death rigor mortis starts | 6 - 9 HOURS |
| TWO factors that can speed up the onset of rigor mortis | WARM WEATHER, ACTIVITY BEFORE DEATH |
| Time after death for the end of rigor mortis | 36 HOURS |
| DIfferent insect species arriving on a corpse at different times | SUCCESSION |
| Different stages in the development of maggots | INSTARS |
| The stage in insect life cycle that follows maggot | PUPA |