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7thgradeBioTest7
Simple Genetics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Grasshopper sex cells have half the number of chromosomes as their body cells. | true |
| Grasshopper body cells have half the number of chromosomes as their sex cells. | false |
| Grasshopper body and sex cells have the same number chromosomes. | false |
| When grasshopper sex cells join, the fertilized egg has the same number of chromosomes as the body cells of the parents. | true |
| What is meiosis? | The process by which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half to form sex cells. |
| During meiosis, the two allels for each gene stay together. | false |
| How many pairs of chromosomes do human body cells contain? | 23 pairs of chromosomes |
| How many chromosomes do human body cells contain? | 46 chromosomes |
| How are the genes lined up in a pair of chromosomes? | In the same order. |
| Genes control the production of proteins in an organism's cells. | true |
| Proteins help determine the size, shape, and other traits of an organism. | true |
| What four nitrogen bases is a DNA molecule made up of? | Adenine, A; thymine, T; guanine, G; and cytosine, C. |
| What are proteins made on in the cytoplasm of a cell? | a ribosome |
| allele | The different forms of a gene. |
| chromosome | A doubled rod of condensed chromatin; contains DNA that carries genetic information. |
| DNA | Deoxyribonucleic acid; the genetic material that carries information about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring. |
| dominant allele | An allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present. |
| gene | The set of information that controls a trait; a segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait. |
| genetics | The scientific study of heredity. |
| genotype | An organism’s genetic makeup, or allele combinations |
| heterozygous | Having two different alleles for a trait. |
| homozygous | Having two identical alleles for a trait. |
| hybrid | An organism that has two different alleles for a trait; an organism that is heterozygous for a particular trait. |
| meiosis | The process that occurs in the formation of sex cells (sperm and egg) by which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half. |
| mutation | A change in a gene or chromosome |
| phenotype | An organism’s physical appearance, or visible traits. |
| probability | A number that describes how likely it is that an event will occur. |
| Punnett square | A chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross |
| purebred | The offspring of many generations that have the same traits. |
| recessive allele | An allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present. |
| trait | A characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through its genes. |
| heredity | The passing of genes from parents to offspring, |
| Who is know as the father of genetics? | Gregor Mendel |
| How many genes are there per trait in simple genetics? | one gene per trait |
| What is another name for a Punnett Square? | a test cross |
| What can be used to predict the probability that a trait will pass from parents to offspring? | diagrams and math |
| How many base pairs are genes usually made up of? | usually 100s to 1000s |
| What are chromosomes made up of? | DNA and protein |
| How many genes does each cell contain? | somewhere between 20000 and 30000 |
| How many chromosomes do most human cells have? | 46, 23 from each parent |
| What is asexual reproduction basically? | cloning |
| gametes | sex cells, sperm and egg |
| What is the genetic code? | The order of the nitrogen bases. |
| What does one group of three nitrogen bases code for? | one protein |
| During protein synthesis, the cell uses information from what on a chromosome to produce a specific protein? | gene |
| What are proteins made on? | ribosomes |
| What nitrogen base is replaced on RNA? | thymine |
| What is thymine replaced by on RNA? | uracil |
| What are the two types of RNA? | Messenger and transfer RNA |
| What is messenger RNA's job? | To copy the coded message from the DNA in the nucleus and carry the message to a ribosome in the cytoplasm. |
| What is transfer RNA's job? | To carry amino acids to the ribosome add them to the growing protein chain. |
| What is the first step in protein synthesis? | The DNA "unzips" to direct the production of a strand of messenger RNA. |
| What is the last step in protein synthesis? | The protein chain grows longer as each transfer RNA molecule adds an amino acid. |
| What is a mutation? | Any change in a gene or chromosome? |
| How can mutations affect protein synthesis? | An organism's trait ,or phenotype, may be different form what it normally would have been. |
| Cells with mutations will always make normal proteins. | false |
| Some mutations occur when one nitrogen base is substituted for another | true |
| Some mutations occur when don't separate correctly during meiosis. | true |
| Mutations can be a source of genetic what? | variety |
| Mutations that occur in a body cell can be passed on to an offspring. | false |
| All mutations are harmful? | false |
| What do helpful mutations do? | Improve an organism's chances for survival. |
| Whether a mutation's harmful or helpful partly depends on an organism's what? | environment |
| Gregor Mendel experimented with hundreds of pea plants to understand the process of what? | heredity |
| Where are the female sex cells produced in a flower? | the pistil |
| Where is pollen, containing male sex cells, produced? | the stamen |
| Recessive alleles are never present when dominant alleles are present. | false |
| Recessive alleles hide dominant alleles. | false |
| Only pea plants with two recessive alleles will for short stems will be short. | true |
| What is a dominant allele represented by? | a capital letter |
| What is a recessive allele represented by? | a lowercase letter |
| Some scientists during Mendel's time thought he should be called the father of genetics. | false |
| When Mendel crossed two hybrid plants for stem height, what results did he always get? | 3/4 tall stems, 1/4 short stems |
| PHenotype | organism's PHysical trait |
| GENotype | organism's GENe makeup |
| codominance | When the alleles are neither dominant nor recessive. |
| chrom | color |
| fili | thread |
| gen | birth, production, formation |
| heli | sun |
| mono | one, single |
| mut | change |
| poly | many |
| script | write |
| tion | state, quality |
| trans | across |
| volu | bend, curve, turn, twist |
| zygo | pair |
Created by:
crosscountrygirl9.24
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