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DNA

Biology Midterm Vocabulary

WordDefinition
nucleotide subunit of DNA composed of a sugar, a nitrogen base, and a phosphate group
deoxyribose a five carbon sugar needed to make DNA
adenine a purine base, used in DNA/RNA
guanine purine base, used in DNA/RNA
thymine pyrimidine base, used in DNA
cytosine pyrimidine base, used in DNA/RNA
uracil pyrimidine base, used in RNA
purine class of organic, nitrogenous molecules in nucleic acods that have a double ring of carbon and nitrogen
pyrimidine class of organic, nitrogenous material in nucleic acids that have a single ring of carbon and nitrogen
base pair rule A=T/U, C=G
double helix the shape of DNA
complementary bases that pair up with one another, or codons
ribonucleic acid type of acid that participates in the expression of genes
transcription a stage of DNA replication when DNA is tranferred to mRNA
translation stage of gene expression in which mRNA is used to make a protein
RNA polymerase enzymes that carry out transcription
promoter start signal for transcription
terminator tells RNA polymerase to stop transcription
mRNA RNA copy of DNA used as a blueprint during translation
tRNA translates mRNA into amino acid sequences
rRNA type of RNA that play a role in structure
codon a three-nucleotide sequence in DNA or RNA that encodes an amino acid or signifies a stop signal
genetic code a sequence of nucleotides that specifies the amino acid sequence of a protein
anticodon part of tRNA which codes for the amino acid
point mutation mutation in which one or just a few nucleotides in a gene are changed
gene section of a chromosome that codes for a protein or RNA molecule
chromosome cellular structure in which genes are located
chromatid one of a pair of strands of DNA that make up a chromosome during meiosis or mitosis
centromere region joining two chromatids
homologous chromosome chromosomes that are similar in shape, size, and the genes they carry
autosome sex chromosome
sex chromosome chromosome that determines male or female
helicase molecule used in DNA replication, checks the new and old strands
replication fork where the DNA unzips for replication
DNA polymerase polymerase that checks and starts DNA replication
Created by: QueChaT
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