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Cell Respiration
Biology Midterm Vocabulary
| Word | Definition |
|---|---|
| carbohydrate | any group of organic compounds that includes sugars, starches, celluloses, and gums and serves as a major energy source in the diet of animals; contain only C,H,O in a 1:2:1 ration |
| starch | a storage form of glucose consisting of hundreds of glucose molecules |
| glucose | a sugar, C6H12O6 |
| cellulose | main structural component of the cell wall |
| saturated fat | a fat without double carbon bonds |
| unsaturated fat | a fat with double carbon bonds |
| protein | organic compound made from amino acids used for energy and support |
| lipid | fat made fomr one alcohol and three fatty acids, major source of energy |
| polypeptide | a chain of amino acids |
| dehydration synthesis | the loss of water during the chemical bonding of molecules |
| hydrolysis | the rehydration of a molecule |
| glycerol | an alcohol needed to make lipids |
| fatty acids | acid necessary to make lipids (butyric, caproic, lauric) |
| amino acid | an acid used to make proteins and code for DNA |
| monosaccharide | a single strand of sugar molecules |
| disaccharide | a double strand of sugar molecules |
| polysaccharide | multiple strands of sugars |
| pyruvate | an acid produced by the breaking down of glucose during glycolysis |
| glycolysis (anaerobic respiration) | biochemical pathway that breaks down glucose into pyruvic acid |
| oxidative (aerobic) respiration | aerobic chemicals that follow glycolysis and produce large amounts of ATP |
| ETC | a series of molecules in the membrane of mitochondrion through which electrons a pumped by protons and gather high energy |
| Kreb's Cyble | biochemical pathway of cell resp. that uses pyruvates from glycolysis, realeases CO2, and produces ATP, NADH, FADH2 |
| fermentation | anaerobic pathway that converts pyruvate into either lactic acid or ethyl alcohol and CO2 |
| Lactic Acid | C3H6O3, produced by muscle contraction as a result of anaerobic respiration |
| Ethyl Alcohol | an alcohol necessary to make lipids |
| ATP | energy used by cells |
| Calvin Cycle | a series of reactions..... |
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QueChaT
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