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Molecular Bio
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| macromolecule | a large, complex molecule |
| polymer | a molecule made of many monomers |
| monomer | a small repeating unit |
| organic molecule | a molecule containing many carbon atoms and usually found in or produced by living organisms |
| carbohydrate | a macromolecule that's main function is to provide energy |
| monosaccharide | the building block or monomer for carbohydrates. A simple sugar. |
| polysaccharide | made of many monosaccharides. Also known as a carbohydrate |
| glucose | the most common carbohydrate monomer |
| glycogen | how animals store excess sugar |
| starch | how plants store excess sugar |
| cellulose | found in the cell walls of plants and provides structure |
| simple sugar | also known as monosaccharide. The most common is glucose. |
| protein | a macromolecule that has many functions including structure and transport. The most important examples are insulin, hemoglobin, and enzymes. |
| amino acid | the building block or monomer for proteins. There are twenty of them and they are identified by their varying R-group |
| lipid | a macromolecule that's main function is long-term energy storage. They are an important part of the cell membrane, provide waterproof surfaces, and act as chemical signals. |
| fatty acid and glycerol | the monomers for lipids |
| nucleic acid | A macromolecule that's main function is to carry genetic information. The two main examples are DNA and RNA. |
| Nucleotide | The monomer for nucleic acids. Includes a phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogenous base. |
| Enzyme | A type of catalyst that speeds up a reaction by lowering the activation energy. |
| Activation Energy | The energy needed to start a chemical reaction. |
| Substrate | the molecule an enzyme acts on |
| enzyme specificity | characteristic of an enzyme where substrates will react only if it fits the active site of the enzyme |
| Lock and Key Model | This model represents how the enzyme works and emphasizes enzyme specificity |
| Cellular Respiration | the reaction where the energy in glucose is converted into ATP |
| aerobic respiration | cellular respiration where glucose is broken down in the presence of oxygen; results in 36 ATP's |
| anaerobic respiration | cellular respiration where glucose is broken down in the absence of oxygen; results in 2 ATP's |
| lactic acid fermentation | anaerobic cellular respiration where glucose is converted into lactic acid; it yields 2 ATP's |
| alcoholic fermentation | anaerobic cellular respiration where glucose is converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide; it yields 2 ATP's |
| photosynthesis | the process of converting water and carbon dioxide into carbohydrates and oxygen |
| denaturation | the process in which an enzyme has lost its shape due to extreme pH or temperature and can no longer function |
Created by:
jessicagiorgione
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