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Chromosomes
Chromosomes for HS Freshman Honors Biology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid; long thin molecule that stores genetic information |
| chromosomes | rod-shaped structures made of DNA and proteins |
| histone | protein in eukaryotic cell around which DNA wraps |
| nonhistone protein | protein generally involved in controlling the activity of specific regions of the DNA |
| chromatid | each half of a chromosome |
| chromatin | less tightly coiled DNA-protein complex |
| sex chromosomes | chromosomes that determine the sex of an orgainsm and that may also carry genes for other characteristics |
| autosomes | all the other chromosomes in an organism |
| homologous chromosomes | two copies of each autosome that are the same size and shape and carry genes for the same traits |
| karyotype | photomicrograph of the chromosomes in a normal dividing cell found in a human |
| diploid | cell that has two sets of chromosomes; two autosomes for each homologous pair; two sex chromosomes in animals and humans |
| haploid | sperm and egg cells that only have one set of chromosomes with half the number of chromosomes than number in diploid |