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Biology
WCHS Biology Chapter 10
| Word | Definition |
|---|---|
| Heredity | The passing on of characteristics from parents to offspring |
| Gametes | Male and female sex cells |
| Fertizilization | When the male gamete unites with the female gamete |
| Zygote | When the fertilized cell develps into a seed |
| Pollination | The transfer of pollen grains from a male reproductive organ to a female reproductive organ in a plant |
| Hybrid | The offspring of parents that have different forms of a trait |
| Alleles | Different gene forms |
| Dominant | Observed triat of an organism that masks the recessive form of a trait |
| Recessive | Trait of an organism that can be masked by the dominant form of a trait |
| Law of segregation | Every individual has two alleles of each gene and when gametes are produced, each gamete receives one of these alleles |
| Phenotype | The way an organism looks and behaves |
| Genotype | The allele combination an organism contains |
| Homozygous | An organism is this if its two alleles for the trait are the same |
| Heterzygous | An organism is this for a trait if its two alleles for the trait differ from each other |
| Law of independent assortment | States that genes for different traits are inherited independently of each other |
| Diploid | A cell with two of each kind of chromosome |
| Haploid | A cell containing one of each kind of chromosome |
| Homologous chromosomes | Two chromosomes of each pair in a diploid cell |
| Meiosis | A kind of cell division which produces gametes containing half the number of chromosomes as a parent's body cell |
| Sperm | Male gametes |
| Egg | Female gametes |
| Sexual reproduction | A pattern of reproduction involving the production and subsequent fusion of haploid sex cells |
| Crossing over | Exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids from homologous chromosomes during prophase 1 of meisos; results in new allele combinations |
| Genetic recombination | A reassortment of chromosomes and the genetic information they carry, either by crossing over or by independent segregation of homologous chromosomes |
| Nondisjunction | The failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis |
| Traits | Characteristics that are inherited |
| Genetics | The branch of biology that studies heredity |