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Honors Bio.4
Chapter 8 & 9
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ADP | a nucleotide composed of adenosine and two phosphate groups |
| Aerobic respiration | form of cellular respiration that requires oxygen in order to generate energy. |
| Alcoholic fermentation | a process in which some sugars (as glucose) are converted into alcohol and carbon dioxide |
| Anaerobic respiration | A form of cellular respiration that occurs when oxygen is absent or scarce |
| ATP | nucleoside triphosphate used in cells as a coenzyme |
| Autotroph | an organism that can make its own food from substances that do not come from other living things |
| Calorie | Amount of energy of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius. |
| Calvin Cycle | Plants use the energy that ATP and NADPH contain to build high-energy compounds that can be stored for a long time |
| Cellular respiration | Releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen. |
| Chemoautotroph | An organism (typically a bacterium or a protozoan) that obtains energy through chemical process |
| Chlorophyll | Plants' principal pigment |
| Chloroplast | Chlorophyll-containing plastid found within the cells of plants |
| Citrate | a salt or ester of citric acid |
| Coenzyme | A small molecule essential for the activity of some enzymes |
| Dark reaction | The series of biochemical reactions in photosynthesis that do not require light to proceed |
| Electron transport | The transport of electrons through a number of electron carriers in a set sequence |
| Fermentation | Releases energy from food molecules by producing ATP in the absence of oxygen |
| Glycolysis | Releases only a small amount of energy |
| Grana | stack of thylakoids |
| Heterotroph | organism that is unable to synthesize its own organic carbon-based compounds |
| Citric Acid Cycle | Pyruvic acid passes to the second stage of cellular respiration |
| Lactic acid fermentation | Process carried out by lactic acid bacteria when oxygen is not present |
| Light reactions | Reactions that require light |
| Mitochondria | they act as the site for the production of high-energy compounds |
| Oxidation-reduction | an electron is transferred from one molecule to another |
| Photoautotroph | An organism, typically a plant, that converts inorganic materials into organic materials |
| Photon | discrete concentrations of energy |
| Photosynthesis | Process for plants to create food and energy |
| Photosynthetic Membrane | A membrane enriched in complexes in which photosynthetic reactions take place. |
| Pigment | Light absorbing molecules |
| Pyruvic acid | A colorless, water-soluble, organic liquid produced by the breakdown of carbohydrates and sugars during glycolysis |
| Stroma | The region outside the thylakoid membrane |
Created by:
lattee
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