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3.2 vocabb
3.2 vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| carbohydrate | any organic compunds that is made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and that provides nutrients to the cells of living things. |
| monosaccharide | a simple sugar that is the basic subunit, or monomer, of a carbohydrate. |
| disaccharide | a sugar formed from two monosaccharides. |
| polysaccharide | one of the carbohydrates made up of long chains of simple sugars; polysaccharides include starch, cellulose, and glycogen. |
| protein | an organic compound that is made of one or more chains of amino acids and that is a principal component of all cells. |
| amino acid | an organic molecule that comtains a carboxyl and an amino roup and that makes up proteins; a protein monomer. |
| peptide bond | the chemical bond that forms between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid. |
| polypeptide | a long chain of several amino acids. |
| enzyme | a type of protein or RNA molecule that speeds up metabolic reactions in plant and animals without being permanently changed or destroyed. |
| substrate | a part, substance, or element that lies beneath and supports another part, substance, or element; the reactant in reactions catalyzed by enzymes. |
| active site | the site on an enzyme that attaches to a substrate. |
| lipid | a large, nonpolar organic molecule, including fats and steroids; lipids store energy and make up cell membranes. |
| fatty acid | an organic acid that is contained in lipids, such as fats or oils. |
| phospholipid | a lipid that contains phosphorus and that is a structual compound in cell membranes. |
| wax | a type of structural lipid consisting of a long fatty-acid chain that is joined to a long alcohol chain. |
| steroid | a type of lipid that consists of four carbon rings to which various functional groups are attached and that usually has a physiological action. |
| nucleic acid | an organic compound, either RNA or DNA, whose molecules are made up of one or two chains of nucleotides and cary genetic information |
| deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) | the material that contains the information that determines inherited characteristics. |
| ribonucleic acid (RNA) | a natural polymer that is present in all living cells and that plays a role in protein synthesis. |
| nucleotide | in a nucleic-acid chain, a sub-unit that consists of sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base. |
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stuhlfirek16
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