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Chapter 3
Section 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| any organic compound that is made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and that provides nutrients to the cells of living things | carbohydrate |
| a simple sugar that is the basic subunit, or monomer, of a carbohydrate | monosaccharide |
| a sugar formed from two monosaccharides | disaccharide |
| one of the carbohydrates made up of long chains of simple sugars; they include starch, cellulose, and glycogen | polysaccharide |
| an organic compound that is made of one or more chains of amino acids and that is a principal component of all cells | protein |
| an organic molecule that contains a carboxyl and an amino group and that makes up proteins; a protein monomer | amino acid |
| the chemical bond that forms between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid | peptide bond |
| a long chain of several amino acids | polypeptide |
| a type of protein of RNA molecule that speeds up metabolic reactions in plant and animals without being permanently changed or destroyed | enzyme |
| a part, substance, or element that lies beneath and supports another part, substance, or element; the reactant in reactions catalyzed by enzymes | substrate |
| the site on an enzyme that attaches to a substrate | active site |
| a large, nonpolar organic molecule, including fats and steroids; they store energy and make up cell membranes | lipid |
| an organic acid that is contained in lipids, such as fats or oils | fatty acid |
| a lipid made of three fatty acid molecules and one glycerol molecule | triglyceride |
| a lipid that contains phosphorus and that is a structural component in cell membranes | phospholipid |
| a type of structural lipid consisting of a long fatty-acid chain that is joined to a long alcohol chain | wax |
| a type of lipid that consists of four carbon rings to which various functional groups are attached and that usually has a physiological action | steroid |
| an organic compound, either RNA or DNA, whose molecules are made up of one or two chains of nuceotides and carry genetic information | nucleic acid |
| the material that contains the information that determines inherited characteristics | deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) |
| a natural polymer that is present in all living cells and that plays a role in protein synthesis | ribonucleic acid (RNA) |
| in a nucleic-acid chain, a sub-unit that consists of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base | nucleotide |
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fasolak16
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