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PSU Develop Bio
PSU Developmental Biology Study Card
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What produces the grey crescent in frog eggs? | Reorganization of the cytoplasm and cortical rotation |
| What happens when sperm centriole enters a frog egg? | The oocyte's microtuble array is organized in a parallel array in the internal vegetal cytoplasm |
| What is the result of the parallel rearrangement of the microtuble arrays in the vegetal cytoplasm? | The cortical outer cytoplasm is separated from the yolky inner cytoplasm. |
| Where is gastrulation occur? | At the grey crescent |
| Where does the grey crescent from in relation to sperm entry? | 180 degrees from sperm entry |
| How is cell specification initiated? | by the asymmetric distribution of patterning molecules into particular cells |
| In frogs, is cleavage equal or unequal? | Unequal |
| In frogs, in what hemisphere does the first cleavage start? | Vegetal |
| In frogs, in what hemisphere does the second cleavage start? | Animal |
| What helps hold the blastomeres together during gastrulation? | EP-cadherin |
| What are the functions of the blastcoel? | permits cell migration during gastrulation and prevents vegetal cells from prematurely interacting with the animal cap |
| What is MBT | Mid-blastula transition |
| What does MBT do? | activates the genome late in the 12th cell cycle (in frogs) |
| What induces gastrulation movements? | invagination of the blastopore and formation of bottle cells |
| What are the cells called of the dorsal blastopore lip and their derivatives called? | the organizer |
| What cells send inducing signals to induce the formation of the organizer? | the dorsal-most vegetal cells |
| What protein establishes the Niewkoop center? | beta-catenin |
| What pathway induces beta-catenin? | Wnt |
| Where does beta-catenin accumulate? | on the dorsal side opposite sperm entry |
| What two proteins prevent beta-catenin from being degraded? | GSK3 binding protein (GBP) and Disheveled |
| In discoidal cleavage, what area undergoes cell division | the blastodisc |
| Where does fertilization occur in mammalian females? | in the ampulla |
| What protein do mammalian sperm use for weak tethering to the zona pellucida? | SED1 |
| What protein does mammalian sperm ultimately bind to with a strong bond? | ZP3 |
| What receptor does mammalian sperm use to bind the zona pellucida protein? | GalT |
Created by:
nickmx50
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