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7thgradeBioTest4

cell terms and other stuff

term/question/cell partdefinition/answer/function
organelle A tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell.
cell wall A rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms.
cell membrane A cell structure that controls which substances can enter or leave the cell.
nucleus A cell structure that contains nucleic acids, the chemical instructions that direct all the cell’s activities.
cytoplasm The region between the cell membrane and the nucleus; in organisms without a nucleus, the region located inside the cell membrane.
mitochondria Rod-shaped cell structures that convert energy in food molecules to energy the cell can use to carry out its functions.
ribosome A small grain-like structure in the cytoplasm of a cell where proteins are made.
chloroplast A structure in the cells of plants and some other organisms that captures energy from sunlight and uses it to produce food.
vacuole A sac inside a cell that acts as a storage area.
lysosome A small, round cell structure containing chemicals that break down large food particles into smaller ones.
cell The basic unit of structure and function in living things.
How do the lenses of a light microscope make an object look larger? They magnify an object by bending the light that passes through them
resolution The "sharpness" of an image.
Which microscope has a better resolution? The electron microscope
How are animal cells different from plant cells? Animal cells don't have cell walls while plant cells do.
What is the function of a cell wall? To protect and support the cell.
endoplasmic reticulum (ER) The passage ways that carry proteins and other materials from one part of the cell to another.
golgi bodies They receive proteins and other newly formed materials from the endopasmic reticulum, package them and distribute them to other parts of the cell.
What are the three points in the cell theory? All living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things, and all cells are produced from other cells.
What kind of microscope did Robert Hooke use? A compound one.
What kind of microscope did Anton van Leeuweenhoek use? A simple one.
What did Robert Hooke First look at under a microscope? cork
What did Anton van Leeuwenhoek first look at under a microscope? Lake water, teeth/gum scrapings, and water from rain gutters.
What is the only organism that is part of the prokaryote group? bacteria(including archaebacteria)
Which is bigger, a prokaryotic cell or a eukaryotic cell? A eukaryotic cell.
What can you compare a cell to? A big house.
nucleocus prominent structure in the nucleus, it produces ribosomes, which move out of the nucleus to the rough ER where they're critical for protein synthesis
smooth ER plays different functions based on the cell type
rough ER appears "pebbled" when looked at under an electron microscope because of the ribosomes covering its surface, proteins synthesized on these ribosomes collect in the ER to be transported to various parts of the cell
microtubules and microfilaments protein filaments that make up the organized network of the cytoskeleton of a cell
peroxisomes food breakdown/digestion
centrosome microtubule organizing center (MTOC), an area in a cell where microtubules are made
centriole ring of nine groups of fused microtubules, each group includes three microtubules, in the complete centrosome the two centrioles are aranged perpendicular to each other
plastid Any of a class of small organelles in the cytoplasm of plant cells, containing pigment or food.
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