Help
Options
Question
another name for synovial joints?
click to flip
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't know
Question
synovial joints
Remaining cards (51)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Synovial Joints
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| another name for synovial joints? | diarthroses |
| synovial joints | the most anatomically complex joint & the most common in the body, bones are separated by a joint cavity. |
| the synovial joint is remarkable. why? | it is a remarkable joint: it is self-lubricating, almost frictionless, able to bear heavy loads & can withstand compression while executing smooth & precise movements |
| movement in synovial joints? | they allow considerable movement between the articulating bodies (freely moveable) |
| what are the main components of a basic synovial joint? | has articular surfaces (or discs), the joint cavity (space between these surfaces) that contains joint/synovial fluid, surrounded by a sleeve of dense FCT (the fibrous capsule) which is lined by inner synovial membrane. has ample blood supply & nerves |
| articular surfaces/discs | the facing surfaces where 2 bones meet are covered with hyaline cartilage ~ 2-3 mm thick. this forms the articular surface. they can (not always) have discs (such as in the jaw or meniscus in knee) |
| joint cavity | a narrow space that separates the facing articular surfaces of 2 bones. |
| joint fluid | i.e. synovial fluid, is a viscous & slippery lubricant (texture = similar to raw egg white) contained in the joint cavity; made of a blood fluid filtrate & other secretions. |
| what is synovial fluid actually made of and where does it get each component from? be specific | a complex mixture of hyaluronic acid (secreted by the modified CT cells in synovial membrane), proteins & fats (provided by the blood filtrate) & phagocytes (which clean up tissue debris from joint cavity) |
| how much synovial fluid is in the knee? | less than 3 mL (not a ton just enough to lubricate) |
| joint capsule | in general, helps hold bones together & allows movement. it encloses the joint cavity & retains the synovial fluid. It is made of two parts: fibrous capsule and synovial membrane |
| fibrous capsule | outer, fibrous portion of joint capsule. It is continuous with the fibrous part of the periosteum and forms a sleeve of dense FCT around the joint. It is reinforced and strengthened by ligaments |
| synovial membrane | inner, cellular portion of joint capsule. composed of a collection of modified CT cells that secrete synovial fluid. |
| role of ligaments in a synovial joint? | ligaments are made of very dense FCT that reinforces and strengthens the synovial joint & helps hold the bones together. |
| Bursa | in certain synovial joints, the synovial membrane may extend as a pocket or sac filled with synovial fluid. This provides a fluid-filled cushion b/w structures (i.e. b/w adjacent muscles, tendon & bone, bone & skin, etc) |
| Tendon sheaths | elongated cylindrical bursae wrapped around a tendon. allow tendons to move freely without rubbing in such tight places as the hand and foot |
| blood supply in a synovial joint? (prevalence, location and function?) | synovial joints are richly supplied with blood vessels. In the synovial membrane, the capillary beds produce the blood filtrate (a component of synovial fluid) |
| nerves in a synovial joint? (prevalence & location?) | synovial joints are richly supplied with sensory nerve endings. They are NOT found in cartilage and NOT free floating in joint cavity |
| why do we need nerves in a synovial joint? | 1)we want to know when we are injured/damaging the joint/"overdoing it" 2)proprioception: sense of joint movement & limb position: (gives constant idea of where knee is in relation to rest of body and if its moving) |
| proprioception | sense of joint movement & limb position: (gives constant idea of where knee is in relation to rest of body and if its moving) |
| how are synovial joints classified? | by the shape of the adjoining articular surfaces |
| monoaxial | motion between bones occurs in only one plane |
| biaxial | motion between bones occurs in 2 planes |
| multiaxial | motion is possible in all three planes of space |
| what are the monoaxial synovial joints? | hinge joint & pivot joint |
| what are the biaxial synovial joints? | plane/gliding joint, condyloid/ellipsoid joint, saddle joint |
| what is the only multiaxial synovial joint? | the ball-and-socket joint |
| hinge joint (definition and mobility) | convex cylinder of one bone articulates with corresponding concavity of another bone (monoaxial) |
| examples of hinge joints? | elbow, knee, interphalangeal joints |
| pivot joint (definition & mobility?) | relatively cylindrical bony process that rotates within a ring composed partly of bone & partly of ligament (monoaxial) |
| examples of pivot joints? | axis to atlas, (rotates back and forth) radioulnar joint of elbow (twist forearm back and forth) |
| plane/gliding joint (definition & mobility?) | 2 flat surfaces gliding across eachother (biaxial) |
| examples of plane/gliding joints? | intercarpal joints, intertarsal joints, flat articular processes of vertebrae |
| condyloid/ellipsoid joint (definition and mobility?) | articular surfaces an oval convex shape (biaxial) |
| examples of condyloid joint? | metacarpophalangeal joints (allows to wave goodbye & spread fingers) |
| saddle joint (definition & mobility?) | two concave surfaces oriented at right angles to eachother (biaxial) |
| example of saddle joint? | carpometacarpal joint of thumb (allows twiddling of thumbs) |
| ball-and-socket joint? (definition & mobility?) | a ball articulating with a socket (multiaxial) |
| convex cylinder of one bone articulates with corresponding concavity of another bone? | hinge joint |
| relatively cylindrical bony process that rotates within a ring composed partly of bone and partly of ligament? | pivot joint |
| 2 flat surfaces gliding across eachother? | gliding/plane joint |
| articular surfaces are an oval convex shape? | condyloid/ellipsoid joint |
| two concave surfaces oriented at right angles to eachother? | saddle joint |
| a ball articulating with a socket? | ball-and-socket joint |
| draw & label rough diagram of human hand. circle where there would be a condyloid joint and where there would be a saddle joint? | 8 carpals (dots), four metacarpals (just fingers, ring finger is between carpals). five phalanges. saddle = carpometacarpal joint of thumb (circle b/w carpal & phalange of thumb). condyloid = metacarpophalangeal joints (circle all 4 b/w meta & phalange) |
| label synovial joints, & related structures | see page 5 |
| label synovial joint classifications in arm | see page 6 |
| label synovial joint classifications (class handout) | see page 7 |
| draw & label rough diagram of human hand. circle where there would be a condyloid joint and where there would be a saddle joint? | 8 carpals (dots), four metacarpals (just fingers, ring finger is between carpals). five phalanges. saddle = carpometacarpal joint of thumb (circle b/w carpal & phalange of thumb). condyloid = metacarpophalangeal joints (circle all 4 b/w meta & phalange) |
| label synovial joints, & related structures | see page 5 |
| label synovial joint classifications in arm | see page 6 |
| label synovial joint classifications (class handout) | see page 7 |
Created by:
kalmetina
Popular Biology sets