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Human reproduction

IGCSE human reproduction 15.1-15.5

QuestionAnswer
male sex organs? where are they located in? testes- located inside a sac called the scrotum which hangs outside the body
what does the make sex organ do? produce spermatazoa (sperm) make male hormone testosterone # testosterone- stimulates changes in a boy's body as he develops into a adult (age of 10 ~ 16) during puberty
sperm duct? connects the small tubules (just outside the testes where they mature) which stores sperm cells produced by testes to the urethra
semen? mixture of sperm cells and fluid also known as seminal fluid
penis? where the two sperm ducts joined with urethra runs down (at the centre of it)
gametes? sex cells male gamete- sperm female gamete- ovum = egg
zygote? fertilised egg formed when the cell membrane of the sperm cell fuses with the egg cell membrane the sperm nucleus moves through the cytoplasm of the egg and the two nuclei fuse together
mitochondria? releases energy to power swimming by the tail
oestrogen?progestrone? female hormone made by the ovaries
ejaculation? when the contractions of the urethra move the seminal fluid through the penis into the vagina
Fertilisation occurs when a sperm cell fuses with an egg in the oviduct of the female ovulation must have taken place and a sperm cell must have reached the oviduct
embryo a ball of cells formed by the division of the sygote which passes down the oviduct and implants un the lining of uterus
placenta has a large surface area for gas exchange and diffusion of food and waste between the fetak blood and the mother's blood
amnion and amniotic fluid protect the fetus from mechanical damage in the uterus
breast milk better than formula milk- contains antibodies, protect the baby from common infections
anti-natal care involves mother having enough calcium, iron, carbohydrate and protein in her diet should avoid smoking, drugs and alcohol
passive immunity obtained from breast milk child has the mother's antibodies, unable to produce them itself
sexual intercourse during this time, the male's semen is transferred into the vagina of the female
sperm cells much smaller than the female egg cell produced in huge numbers are able to swim using a tail
Created by: YoungNan
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