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Human reproduction
IGCSE human reproduction 15.1-15.5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| male sex organs? where are they located in? | testes- located inside a sac called the scrotum which hangs outside the body |
| what does the make sex organ do? | produce spermatazoa (sperm) make male hormone testosterone # testosterone- stimulates changes in a boy's body as he develops into a adult (age of 10 ~ 16) during puberty |
| sperm duct? | connects the small tubules (just outside the testes where they mature) which stores sperm cells produced by testes to the urethra |
| semen? | mixture of sperm cells and fluid also known as seminal fluid |
| penis? | where the two sperm ducts joined with urethra runs down (at the centre of it) |
| gametes? | sex cells male gamete- sperm female gamete- ovum = egg |
| zygote? | fertilised egg formed when the cell membrane of the sperm cell fuses with the egg cell membrane the sperm nucleus moves through the cytoplasm of the egg and the two nuclei fuse together |
| mitochondria? | releases energy to power swimming by the tail |
| oestrogen?progestrone? | female hormone made by the ovaries |
| ejaculation? | when the contractions of the urethra move the seminal fluid through the penis into the vagina |
| Fertilisation | occurs when a sperm cell fuses with an egg in the oviduct of the female ovulation must have taken place and a sperm cell must have reached the oviduct |
| embryo | a ball of cells formed by the division of the sygote which passes down the oviduct and implants un the lining of uterus |
| placenta | has a large surface area for gas exchange and diffusion of food and waste between the fetak blood and the mother's blood |
| amnion and amniotic fluid | protect the fetus from mechanical damage in the uterus |
| breast milk | better than formula milk- contains antibodies, protect the baby from common infections |
| anti-natal care | involves mother having enough calcium, iron, carbohydrate and protein in her diet should avoid smoking, drugs and alcohol |
| passive immunity | obtained from breast milk child has the mother's antibodies, unable to produce them itself |
| sexual intercourse | during this time, the male's semen is transferred into the vagina of the female |
| sperm cells | much smaller than the female egg cell produced in huge numbers are able to swim using a tail |